Exploring Panchkarma Treatment Modalities for Managing Motor Neuron Disease and ALS - A Review

Abstract

Introduction: Motor Neuron Disease (MND), particularly Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), represents a complex and progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons in the nervous system. These neurons, crucial for voluntary muscle activity, deteriorate progressively, leading to muscle weakness, atrophy and eventual paralysis. ALS, the most common form of MND, affects both upper and lower motor neurons, resulting in a combination of symptoms such as muscle twitching (fasciculations), spasticity and significant weakness. MND incidence is approximately 2 / 100,000 people annually, with ALS typically presenting in most cases. Methods: The pathophysiology of ALS involves a cascade of cellular and molecular events including the accumulation of neurofilaments, the formation of protein aggregates and mitochondrial dysfunction, all contributing to the death of motor neurons. Despite extensive research, the aetiology remains largely unclear, though genetic and environmental factors are considered contributors. Result & Conclusion: In contrast, Ayurveda views MND/ALS through the lens of Vatavyadhi, a disorder primarily involving Vata Dosha. It correlates MND/ALS with Dhatukshayajanya Sarvangavata, implicating the depletion of Dhatu and an imbalance in the Dosha. By addressing imbalances in the Dosha, Dhatu and Srotas, Ayurveda offers a holistic framework that may complement conventional treatments, improve patient outcomes, and enhance quality of life. Future research is needed to validate the efficacy of these approaches and establish integrative care models that merge traditional and modern medical practices.