Antibacterial efficacies of brown sea weed Sargassum Wightii on Periodontal Pathogens: An In-Vitro Microbiological Analysis

  • Nagraj BK Professor and Head, Dept. of Periodontics, PMNM Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.
  • Koregol AC Professor, Dept. of Periodontics, PMNM Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.
  • Hannahson Puladas Post Graduate Scholar, Dept. of Periodontics, PMNM Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.
  • Sulakod K Post Graduate Scholar, Dept. of Periodontics, PMNM Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.
  • Patil K Post Graduate Scholar, Dept. of Periodontics, PMNM Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.
  • Gore S Post Graduate Scholar, Dept. of Periodontics, PMNM Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.
Keywords: Sargassum wightii, antimicrobial activity, natural derivative, pharmacological effect, periodontal pathogens.

Abstract

Objective: Sargassum wightii is brown algae available across the south east coast of India which can produce many secondary metabolites and are opulent sources of potential plant derived by-products with antiviral, antihelminthic, antifungal and antibacterial activities. The objective of the current study was to assess minimal inhibitory concentration MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration MBC of whole leaf extract of Sargassum wightii on P.Gingivalis (Pg), F.Nucleatum (Fn), T.Forsythia (Tf) and A. Actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). Methods: The method executed out by serial dilutions of the test drug with thioglycollate broth nine times. Cultures of chosen pathogens were added to obtain culture suspension up to 10-9. Their turbidity has monitored to assess MIC after incubating in oxygen independent container. The First 3 or 5 dilutions tubes which were MIC sensitive were removed and incubated one complete day. To determine whether there was bacterio-static or bactericidal effect of the extract on selected organisms, colony numbers were assessed the day after. Results: Outcome for MIC was in the span of 0.2μg/ml to 0.4μg/ml and for MBC from 0.2μg/ml to 3.12μg/ml. Conclusion: Positive pharmacological effect does exists against tested microorganisms of whole leaf extract of Sargassum Wighitti & demands more extensive research for treating multi-factorial periodontal disease.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Nagraj BK, Professor and Head, Dept. of Periodontics, PMNM Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.

 

 

References

Petersen PE, Baehni PC. Periodontal health and global public health. Periodontology 2000. 2012 Oct;60(1):7-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2012.00452.x

Ishikawa I, Nakashima K, Koseki T, Nagasawa T, Watanabe H, Arakawa S, Nitta H, Nishihara T. Induction of the immune response to periodontopathic bacteria and its role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Periodontology 2000. 1997 Jun;14(1):79-111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.1997. tb00193.x

Matesanz P, Herrera D, Echeverría A, O’Connor A, González I, Sanz M. A randomized clinical trial on the clinical and microbiological efficacy of a xanthan gel with chlorhexidine for subgingival use. Clinical oral investigations. 2013 Jan;17(1):55-66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-012-0685-5

Cugini MA, Haffajee AD, Smith C, Kent Jr RL, Socransky SS. The effect of scaling and root planing on the clinical and microbiological parameters of periodontal diseases: 12‐month results. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2000 Jan;27(1):30-6. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051x.2000.027001030.x

Walker CB, Karpinia K, Baehni P. Chemotherapeutics: antibiotics and other antimicrobials. Periodontology 2000. 2004 Oct;36(1):146-65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2004.03677.x

Paolantonio M, D'Angelo M, Grassi RF, Perinetti G, Piccolomini R, Pizzo G, Annunziata M, D'Archivio D, D'Ercole S, Nardi G, Guida L. Clinical and microbiologic effects of subgingival controlled‐release delivery of chlorhexidine chip in the treatment of periodontitis: a multicenter study. Journal of periodontology. 2008 Feb;79(2):271-82. https://doi.org/ 10.1902/jop.2008.070308

Goodson JM. Antimicrobial strategies for treatment of periodontal diseases. Periodontology 2000. 1994 Jun;5(1):142-68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.1994. tb00022.x

Lee JC, Hou MF, Huang HW, Chang FR, Yeh CC, Tang JY, Chang HW. Marine algal natural products with anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Cancer Cell International. 2013 Dec;13(1):1-7. doi: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-55

Sushant S, Ganesh R. Antibacterial activity of seaweed (Gracilaria species) extracts against infectious pathogens. Asian Journal of Biological and Life Sciences. 2012;1(3).

Rajivgandhi GN, Kanisha CC, Ramachandran G, Manoharan N, Mothana RA, Siddiqui NA, Al-Rehaily AJ, Ullah R, Almarfadi OM. Phytochemical screening and anti-oxidant activity of Sargassum wightii enhances the anti-bacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2021 Mar 1;28(3):1763-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.sjbs.2020.12.018

Liu M, Liu Y, Cao MJ, Liu GM, Chen Q, Sun L, Chen H. Antibacterial activity and mechanisms of depolymerized fucoidans isolated from Laminaria japonica. Carbohydrate polymers. 2017 Sep 15;172:294-305. https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.carbpol.2017.05.060

Syad AN, Shunmugiah KP, Kasi PD. Antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activity of Sargassum wightii. Pharmaceutical biology. 2013 Nov 1;51(11):1401-10. https://doi.org/10.3109 /13880209.2013.793721

Kumar TV, Lakshmanasenthil S, Geetharamani D, Marudhupandi T, Suja G, Suganya P. Fucoidan–A α-d-glucosidase inhibitor from Sargassum wightii with relevance to type 2 diabetes mellitus therapy. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2015 Jan 1;72:1044-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.10.013

Vaikundamoorthy R, Krishnamoorthy V, Vilwanathan R, Rajendran R. Structural characterization and anticancer activity (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) of polysaccharides fractionated from brown seaweed Sargassum wightii. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2018 May 1;111:1229-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.125

Raji V, Loganathan C, Sadhasivam G, Kandasamy S, Poomani K, Thayumanavan P. Purification of fucoxanthin from Sargassum wightii Greville and understanding the inhibition of angiotensin 1-converting enzyme: An in vitro and in silico studies. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2020 Apr 1;148:696-703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac. 2020.01.140

Suresh S, Sowmya NK, Mehta DS. Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Bacopa Monnieri Extract on Periodontogenic Bacteria–An in-Vitro Study. Saudi J Oral Dent Res. 2017;2:265-70. Doi:10.21276/sjodr.2017.2.11.2

Cowan MM. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clinical microbiology reviews. 1999 Oct 1;12(4):564-82. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.12.4.564

Marimuthu J, Essakimuthu P, Narayanan J, Anantham B, Tharmaraj RJ, Arumugam S. Phytochemical characterization of brown seaweed Sargassum wightii. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. 2012 Jan 1;2:S109-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2222-1808(12)60134-0

Pérez MJ, Falqué E, Domínguez H. Antimicrobial action of compounds from marine seaweed. Marine drugs. 2016 Mar;14(3):52. https://doi.org/10.3390/md14030052

He F, Yang Y, Yang G, Yu L. Studies on antibacterial activity and antibacterial mechanism of a novel polysaccharide from Streptomyces virginia H03. Food Control. 2010 Sep 1;21(9):1257-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.02. 013

Yamashita S, Sugita-konishi Y, Shimizu M. In vitro bacteriostatic effects of dietary polysaccharides. Food Science and Technology Research. 2001;7(3):262-4. https://doi.org /10.3136/fstr.7.262

Raman R, Parthiban S, Karthikeyan S, Muthuraman MS, Sivasubramanian A. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory studies on Sargassum wightii extracts. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014;6(7):611-4.

Venugopal AK, Thirumalairaj VK, Durairaj G, Vijayan MP, Lazar N, Sathyan KK, Chacko A, Yesudas R, Kadheeja S, David IK, Damascene SJ. Microbicidal activity of crude extracts from Sargassum wightii against Bacillus cereus. International Current Pharmaceutical Journal. 2014 Sep 5;3(10):326-7.

Magesh KT, Aravindhan R, Kumar MS, Sivachandran A. Antibacterial Efficacy of the Extract of Sargassum Wightii Against Oral Pathogen− An In Vitro Study. Journal of Orofacial Sciences. 2020 Jul 1;12(2):96.

CITATION
DOI: 10.21760/jaims.7.11.9
Published: 2023-01-17
How to Cite
Nagraj BK, Koregol AC, Puladas, H., Sulakod K, Patil K, & Gore S. (2023). Antibacterial efficacies of brown sea weed Sargassum Wightii on Periodontal Pathogens: An In-Vitro Microbiological Analysis . Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences, 7(11), 52 - 58. https://doi.org/10.21760/jaims.7.11.9
Section
Original Article