Review on Upavishas of clinical significance

Dr. Varsha Sumedhan; Dr. Soumya MC; Dr. Sinimol TP

doi:10.21760/jaims.v5i01.837

Dr. Varsha Sumedhan Research Officer (Ayu), RARILSD, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, INDIA.
Dr. Soumya MC Research Officer (Ayu), RARILSD, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, INDIA.
Dr. Sinimol TP Research Officer (Ayu), RARILSD, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, INDIA.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21760/jaims.v5i01.837

Keywords: Upavisha, Sodhana, Visha

Abstract

‘Visha’ (poisonous substance) is that which causes ‘Visannatva’ (distress) and/ or visada (sadness) in the body. The classification of Visha is based on certain basic criteria like origin, base, properties, potency etc. Some of the Ayurvedic classics and texts in medieval period have classified all the poisons into two categories as Mahavisha and Upavisha based on their toxicity and potency. Upavisha (semi-poisonous drugs) are the group of drugs which were less toxic in nature but produce certain toxic symptoms on consumption or administration. The symptoms produced in the body by Upavishas are less toxic, less severe, usually not life threatening and their toxicity can be controlled by therapeutic measures. The paper deals with different types of upavisha mentioned by different acharyas with special emphasis to Rasa Tarangini. Snuhi Ksheeram (Euphorbia nerifolia), Arkaksheeram (Calotropis procera), Dattura beeja (Datura metel), Karaveera (Nerium indicum), Langali (Gloriosa superba), Vijaya (Cannabis sativum), Vishatintuka beeja (Strychnos nuxvomica), Rechakam (Croton tigilium), Bhallatakam (Semicarpus anacardium), Ahiphenam (Papaver somniferum), Gunja (Abrus precatorius) are the upavishas mentioned in Rasa Tarangini. The therapeutic importance of these drugs along with sodhana (purification), dosage, important formulations etc. are dealt in detail.

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