Analysis of Asthi Sharir in relation to the different types of Asthi mentioned in Ayurvedic Samhitas

Abstract

The ancient scholars of Ayurveda categorized the body's elements into three fundamental components: Dosha, Dhatu, and Mala. According to Acharya Sushruta, a pioneer of Ayurveda, Asthi (bones) are the last structures to deteriorate in the body. The knowledge of Asthi can be traced back to the Vedic period, evolving through various Samhitas over time. Bones serve as the structural core of the body, providing essential support for physiological functions. Classical Ayurvedic texts offer a detailed account of Asthi, including its nomenclature, classification, enumeration, types, fractures (Bhagna), and their treatment. A special focus is given to the types and terminology of bones, analyzed through both classical and modern linguistic perspectives. This study primarily aims to conduct an analytical discussion on the number and classification of Asthi, various types of bones (Asthi Prakaras), and grammatical validation of their nomenclature. As the understanding of bones has evolved from the Pre-Vedic era to the present, concepts, beliefs, methodologies, and applications have undergone significant transformations. However, the terminology and classifications of Asthi and Bhagna (fractures) remain consistent with contemporary knowledge and are elaborately described in ancient texts.