Introduction
The term 'drug' originates from French word ‘Drogue,’ meaning a dry herb. According to World Health Organization (WHO), a drug is any substance intended to modify physiological systems or pathological states for benefit of recipient. PCOS is a heterogeneous disorder of unknown aetiology. Many features have been associated with disorder, including ovulatory dysfunction, ‘polycystic ovaries’ on either ultrasonographic or histopathological examination, Menstrual irregularities hirsutism, hyperandrogenaemia, abnormal gonadotrophin concentrations and most recently insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia.[1] Vitiation of Dosha till manifestation of disease (Roga) is known as Samprapti and Samprapti Vighatana (bring Dosha back to normal state) is known as Chikitsa. The drug is helped to Samprapti Vighatana.[2] Acharya Charka says that Aushadham (Drug) is a part of ‘Chikitsa Chatushpda’[3] The classical description of PCOS is difficult to pinpoint; maximum congruence of PCOS can be coinciding with Pushpaghni. In Ayurvedic context, word "Artava" has two meanings: Anthapusha (ovum) and Bahirpushpa (menstrual blood).[4] We can correlate this disease somewhat with Acharya Kashyapa's Pushpaghni, where Vritha Pushpam can be compared to irregular menstruation or anovulation, Sthula with an obesity feature, and Lomasha Ganda with hirsutism on body.[5]
This article reviews the Ayurvedic formulations of Shatpushpa Siddha Taila and Tiladi Kwatha, specifically focusing on their role in managing Pushpaghni Janya Vikara (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - PCOS).
Prevalence
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common female endocrine disorder with prevalence of PCOS has reported incidence rate of 2.2% to 26% worldwide.[6] September 1 marks the start of the PCOS (Polycystic ovary syndrome) awareness monthand is also observed as ‘World PCOS Day of Unity’, an event organised by the PCOS Challenge: The National Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Association.
5 million women affected with PCOS, according to the National Institutes of Health's Office of Disease Prevention.
The World Health Organization estimates that there are one out of forty newly reported cases of PCOS worldwide.
In India ranges from 3.7-22.5% depending on the criteria used for diagnosis.[7] Prevalence of PCOS in adolescents is 9.13% in India.[8]
Rationality of selection of trial drug
The most prevalent metabolic and endocrine illness, PCOS results in an imbalance of hormones, which in turn causes complications like infertility, skin issues, and another severe illness (DM, CVD, etc.).[9]
Modern research states that PCOS is treated with hormone therapy, such as progesterone and oestrogen, which has its own negative effects, including weight gain, hot flashes, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and depression.[10] Therefore, creating a PCOS treatment plan that is safe, affordable, conservative, non-invasive, and hormone-free is essential and will have long-term health advantages.
Ayurveda is a wholesome life which not only works on disease but also focus in healthy life style. Ayurveda helps to remove the root cause of the disease. A review of Ayurveda literature was conducted to identify the sources, studies conducted by different scholars on Ayurvedic management of PCOS. Literature reveals that there is no previous study has been carried out on comparative effect on Shatpushpa Siddha Taila Nasya hence keeping this view in mind, Shatpushpa mentioned in Kashyap Samhita chosen for Shodhana. Another drug Tiladi Kwatha Orally as mentioned in gadanigrha was chosen for Shamana in the present study. So, in present study an attempt has been made to compare the combine effect of Shatpushpa Siddha Taila Nasya with Tiladi Kwatha Orally in the management of Pushpaghni w.s.r. to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
Ingredients of Shatpushpa Siddha Taila
Shatpushpa indicated by Acharya Kashyapa in Viphalam/Akarmya and Alapartavm. He has vividly described the effect of Shatapushpa on Beejotsarga in the chapter Shatapushpa- Shatavari Kalapadhyaya.[11] In this context, Shatpushpa drugs, when combined with Tila Taila, results in the formation of Shatpushpa Siddha Taila Nasya, which is specifically indicated for the Artava Pravartan.
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