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Review Article

Nasya Dravya

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2025 Volume 10 Number 3 MARCH
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Comprehensive study of Nasya Dravya mentioned in Bruhatrayi

Surbhi1*, Mehta A2, Rana M3
DOI:10.21760/jaims.10.3.51

1* Surbhi, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Panchkarma, IAS and R, Faculty of Ayurved, Shree Krishna Ayush University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India.

2 Ashish Mehta, Professor, Department of Panchkarma, IAS and R, Faculty of Ayurved, Shree Krishna Ayush University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India.

3 Mamta Rana, Associate Professor, IAS and R, Faculty of Ayurved, Shree Krishna Ayush University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India.

Panchkarma deals with five Karmas Vamana, Virechana, Basti, Raktamokshana and Nasya Karma. The nearest passage for detoxifying Shiropradesh is nostrils. Therefore, Nasya Karma pacifies three Doshas of Shiropradesh curing ailments occurring in Shiro and Urdhwajatru parts. The importance of Nasya Karma is specified by the Adhyaya Apamargatanduliya named for the best drug used for the Shodhana of Uttamanga. The Dravya used in Nasya Karma are scattered in different Adhyayas of different Sthanas in Charak Samhita, Sushruta Samhita and Ashtanga Hridyam Samhita. In this article for the first time all the Dravya are gathered together from Bruhatrayi and compared. Dravyas are identified with help of respective Tikas, Dravyaguna textbooks and web sources for easy study and use of Dravya for the procedure along with the part used of the Dravya.

Keywords: Panchkarma, Charak Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtang Hridyam Samhita, Nasya Karma, Shirovirechan, Shirovirechanopaga Dravya

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Surbhi, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Panchkarma, IAS and R, Faculty of Ayurved, Shree Krishna Ayush University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India.
Email: 		Surbhi, Mehta A, Rana M, Comprehensive study of Nasya Dravya mentioned in Bruhatrayi. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2025;10(3):338-345.
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Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2025-02-10 2025-02-25 2025-03-05 2025-03-15 2025-03-25
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© 2025 by Surbhi, Mehta A, Rana M and Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

J Ayu Int Med Sci 2025;10(3)338
Download PDFBack To ArticleIntroductionAim and ObjectivesMaterials and MethodsLiterary reviewDiscussionConclusionReferences
Surbhi et al. Comprehensive study of Nasya Dravya mentioned in Bruhatrayi

Introduction

The instillation of medicine or medicated oil through nostrils is called Nasya Karma.[1] Shiropradesh is considered as Uttamanga as Praana and all Indriya lie here.[2] Hence, the medicine given through nasal passage reaches the Shiro Pradesh. In this way it cures Shiroroga and Urdhwajatru Vikara.[4,3]

Synonyms - Shiro-Virechan, Shiro-Vireka, Murdha-Virechan, Nastah-Karma, Nastah-Pracchardana.[5]

Significance - Nasya Karma is beneficial for eyes, nose and ears. It prevents premature greying of hairs of scalp and beard, prevent early hair fall. It cures Peenasa, Ardhavbhedaka, Shirokampa, strengthens Shira, Snayu and Kandara of scalp. It nourishes facial and vocal organs, increase sensory perception, preventing from getting diseased and ageing of organs above clavicle.[6] Nasya strengthen Hanu, Danta, Shira, Greeva, Trika, Bahu and Urah and prevent Vyanga.[7]

The acharyas had different views on the type of Nasya Karma. Rechana, Tarpana and Shamana are mainly the Karma of Nasya.[8] Pratimarsha Nasya is vikalpa of Nasya and Avapeedan and Pradhaman Nasya are Vikalpa of Shiro-Virechan. There are seven Shiro-Virechan Ashrayas i.e., Phal, Patra, Moola, Kanda, Pushpa, Niryasa, Twacha.[9] It is indicated in various Urdhwa-Jatrugata Roga of Shiro, Dant, Greeva, Ansa, Asya, Nasika, Karna, Akshi, Murdha, Kapala, etc. including Aptanaka, Ardita, Galaganda, Arbuda, Swarabheda etc. it should not be done in conditions of Ajeerna, Kshruta, Trishna, Nav Jwara, Nav Pratishyaya, Garbhini, immediately after Shodhana and Basti Karma etc.[10]

Aim and Objectives

1. To compile the different Nasya Dravya dispersed in all Sthanas of Brihutrayi.
2. To evaluate the Dravya by botanical identification and their availability.
3. To get knowledge of part used of the Dravya for the Nasya Karma.
4. To compare the Dravya mentioned in Brihutrayi.

Materials and Methods

Comprehensive search is done in all Sthanas of Brihutrayi i.e., Charak Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridyam Samhita regarding the Nasya Dravya, Shiro-Virechan and Shiro-Virechanopaga Dravya. Dhooma Nasya Dravyas are not included in this study. All the data is collected and presented in table form. The drug is identified with the help of respective Tikas, Dravyaguna books, articles and web sources.

Literary review

Charak Samhita

Chapters from Charak Samhita majorly pertaining to Nasya Karma are Sutrasthana-Adhyaya 1, 2, 4 & 5, Vimanasthana-Adhyaya 8 and Siddhisthana-Adhyaya 9. The Dravya are also read from the Tika of Chakrapani and Jejjata. Along with the Dravya given in the following table, Acharya Charak had mentioned the use of 4 Snehas i.e., Ghrita, Tail, Vasa and Majja; five Lavana, eight Dugdha for Nasya Karma. ‘Pratyakpushpa Shiro-Virechananama’ i.e., Pratyakpushpa is considered as best Shiro-Virechan Dravya.[11]


Table 1: Nasya Dravya given in Charak Samhita.

SNDrug NameTikaLatin NamePart UsedReference
1. AguruAchyranthus agallochaNiryasaCh.Vi.8/151
2. AjajiCuminum cymiumPhalaCh.Su.2/4
Ch.Vi.8/151
3. AjgandhaAjmodaCarum roxburghianumPhalaCh.Su.2/4
Ch.Vi.8/151
4. AlarkaShweta ArkaCalotropis gigantiaMoolaCh.Vi.8/151
5. ArkaCalotropis proceraMoola, PushpaCh.Vi.8/151
6. AsanaPterocarpus marsupiumNiryasaCh.Vi.8/151
7. AtivishaAconitum heterophylumMoolaCh.Vi.8/151
8. AvakapushpiMoolaCh.Vi.8/151
9. BrihatiVartakiSolanum anguiviTwacha, PhalaCh.Vi.8/151
10.Daru-haridraBerberis aristataCh.Su.2/5

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11.DevdaruCedrus deodaraNiryasaCh.Vi.8/151
12.ElaElletaria cardamomumPhalaCh.Su.2/4
Ch.Vi.8/151
13.GandirakaTulsi bheda-PatraCh.Vi.8/151
14.GandirapushpiRamatha-MoolaCh.Vi.8/151
15.GawakshiIndrayanCitrullus colcynthisMoolaCh.Vi.8/151
16.HarenukaVitex negundaPhalaCh.Su.2/4
Ch.Vi.8/151
17.HaridraCurcuma longaPatra, KandaCh.Su.2/5
Ch.Vi.8/151
18.HinguFerula narthexNiryasaCh.Vi.8/151
19.IngudiBalanites roxburghiiTwachaCh.Vi.8/151
20.JinganiNiryasaCh.Vi.8/151
21.JyotishmatiCelastrus panniculataMoolaCh.Su.1/79,
Ch.Su.2/5,
Ch.Su.4/13
Ch.Vi.8
22.KalamalakaTulsi bheda-PatraCh.Vi.8/151
23.KantakariSolanum surrattenseTwachaCh.Vi.8/151
24.KshawakaCentipeda orbicularisPatraCh.Su.4/13
Ch.Vi.8/151
25.KusthaSaussurea lappaMoolaCh.Vi.8/151
26.KuterakaTulsi bheda-PatraCh.Su.2/4
Ch.Vi.8/151
27.LashunaAllium sativumPatra, KandaCh.Su.2/5
Ch.Vi.8/151
28.LodhraSymplocus racemosaPushpaCh.Vi.8/151
29.MadanphalaRandia spinosaPushpaCh.Vi.8/151
30.MahashwetaAlbizia procera-Ch.Su.4/13
31.MarichaPiper nigrumPhalaCh.Su.2/3,
Ch.Su.4/13
Ch.Vi.8/151
32.MoolakaRapanus sativusPatra, KandaCh.Vi.8/151
33.NagadantiCroton persimilisMoolaCh.Vi.8/151
34.NagarShringberaZingiber officinalePatra, KandaCh.Su.2/5
Ch.Vi.8/151
35.NimbaMelia azadirachtaPushpaCh.Vi.8/151
36.ParnaasTulsi bhedaOcimum basilicumPatraCh.Vi.8/151
37.PhaninjakaMarvaOcimum kilimandscharicumPatraCh.Su.2/4
Ch.Vi.8/151
38.PiluSalvadora persicaPhalaCh.Su.2/4
Ch.Vi.8/151
39.PippaliPiper longumPhalaCh.Su.2/3,
Ch.Su.4/13
Ch.Vi.8/151
40.PrathvikaHingupatriFerula jaeschkeanaPhalaCh.Su.2/4
Ch.Vi.8/151
41.PratyakapushpaApamargaAchyranthus asperaPhala, MoolaCh.Su.1/85, Ch.Su.2/3,
Ch.Su.4/13
Ch.Su.25/40
Ch.Vi.8/151
42.SaptaparnaAlstonia scholarisPushpaCh.Vi.8/151
43.SaralPinus longifoliaNiryasaCh.Vi.8/151

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44.SarshapaBrassica rapaPatraCh.Su.2/3,
Ch.Su.4/13
Ch.Vi.8/151
45.ShallakiBoswellia serrataNiryasaCh.Vi.8/151
46.ShigruMoringa oleiferaPhala, TwachaCh.Su.2/3,
Ch.Su.4/13
Ch.Vi.8/151
47.ShirishaAlbizzia lebeckPhala, BeejaCh.Su.2/5
Ch.Vi.8/151
48.ShwetaAparajitaClitoria ternateaMoolaCh.Su.1/79, Ch.Su.2/4,
Ch.Su.4/13
Ch.Vi.8
49.SumukhaTulsi bheda-PatraCh.Vi.8/151
50.SursaOcimum santumPatraCh.Su.2/4
Ch.Vi.8/151
51.TarkariJayanti or AgnimanthaPermna serratifoliaPatraCh.Vi.8/151
52.TejowatiZanthoxylum aromatumTwachaCh.Vi.8/151
53.TumburuTejowati phalaZanthoxylum aromatumPhalaCh.Su.2/3
Ch.Vi.8/151
54.VachaAcorus calamusMoolaCh.Vi.8/151
55.VarangaTwakaCinnammomum zeylanicumTwachaCh.Vi.8/151
56.VayasthaBrahmiBacopa monnieriMoolaCh.Vi.8/151
57.VidangaEmbelia ribesPhalaCh.Su.2/3,
Ch.Su.4/13
Ch.Vi.8/151
58.VrischikaliPergularia daemiaMoolaCh.Vi.8/151

Sushruta Samhita

Acharya Sushruta tells about Nasya Karma in Sushruta Samhita Sutra-Adhyaya 39 and Chikitsa-Adhyaya 40. Along with, the Dravya are also read from Tika by Acharya Dalhana. The data compiled is presented below.

Table 2: Nasya Dravya given in Sushruta Samhita.

SNDrug NameCommon nameLatin NamePart usedReference
1. AlarkaShweta ArkaCalotropis gigantiaMoolaSu.Su.39/6
2. ApamargaAchyranthus asperaPhalaSu.Su.39/6
3. ArjakaOrthosiphon pallidusPatraSu.Su.39/6
4. ArkaCalotropis proceraMoolaSu.Su.39/6
5. AtivishaAconitum heterophylumKandaSu.Su.39/6
6. BimbiCoccinia grandisMoolaSu.Su.39/6
7. HinguFerula narthexNiryasaSu.Su.39/6
8. IngudiBalanites roxburghiiTwachaSu.Su.39/6
9. JatiJasminum grandiflorumPushpaSu.Su.39/6
10.JyotishmatiCelastrus panniculataMoolaSu.Su.39/6
11.KaranjaPongamia pinnataMoolaSu.Su.39/6
12.KarnikaAparajitaClitoria ternateaMoolaSu.Su.39/6
13.KarviraNerium oleaderMoolaSu.Su.39/6
14.KinihiAlbizia proceraMoolaSu.Su.39/6
15.KshringaberaShunthiZingiber officinaleKandaSu.Su.39/6
16.LakshaKerria laccaNiryasaSu.Su.39/6
17.LashunaAllium sativumKandaSu.Su.39/6
18.MadhukaMahuaMadhuca longifoliaSaaraSu.Su.39/6
19.MarichaPiper nigrumPhalaSu.Su.39/6
20.Matulungi-PushpaSu.Su.39/6

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21.Mesha-shringiDolichandrone falcataTwachaSu.Su.39/6
22.PiluSalvadora persicaPushpaSu.Su.39/6
23.PippaliPiper longumPhalaSu.Su.39/6
24.ShaalaShorea robustaSaaraSu.Su.39/6
25.ShigruMoringa oleiferaPhalaSu.Su.39/6
26.ShirishaAlbizzia lebeckPhalaSu.Su.39/6
27.SidhartakaBrassica rapaPhalaSu.Su.39/6
28.SurangiMoringa ptrygospermaPushpaSu.Su.39/6
29.SursaOcimum santumPatraSu.Su.39/6
30.TaalaBorassus flabbelliferabSaaraSu.Su.39/6
31.TalishaAbies webbianaPatraSu.Su.39/6
32.TamaalaCinnamomum tamalaPatraSu.Su.39/6
33.VachaAcorus calamusMoolaSu.Su.39/6
34.VidangaEmbelia ribesPhalaSu.Su.39/6

Acharya Sushruta added Madya, Go-Shakrita Rasa and Go-Mutra. He specified Maha-Sneha according to Doshas i.e.,

Table 3: Maha-Sneha Nasya according to Doshas.

GhritaPitta Dosha
TailVata-Kapha Dosha
VasaVata Dosha
MajjaVata-Pitta Dosha

Ashtanga Hridyam Samhita

Acharya Vagbhatta described Nasya Karma in Ashtang Hridyam Samhita Sutra-Adhyaya 15 and 20. Study is also done from Tika of Acharya Arunadatta. Along with the following Dravya, Acharya Vagbhatta uses Tarkshyashaila i.e., Shushka Rasanjana for Nasya Karma.

Table 4: Nasya Dravya given in Ashtang Hridyum Samhita-

SNDrug NameTikaLatin nameParts usedReference
1. ApamargaAchyranthus asperaA.H.Su.15/4
2. BarahatamaBrahtiSolanum anguiviBeejaA.H.Su.15/4
3. DarviBerberis aristataA.H.Su.15/4
4. MadhukaMahuaMadhuca longifoliaSaaraA.H.Su.15/4
5. MarichaPiper nigrumA.H.Su.15/4
6. PippaliPiper longumA.H.Su.15/4
7. PrathvikaHingupatriFerula jaeschkeanaA.H.Su.15/4
8. ShigruMoringa oleiferaBeejaA.H.Su.15/4
9. ShirishaAlbizzia lebeckBeejaA.H.Su.15/4
10.ShunthiZingiber officinaleA.H.Su.15/4
11.SuralaSarja RasaVateria indicaA.H.Su.15/4
12.TrutiSukshma-ElaElletaria cardamomumA.H.Su.15/4
13.TrutiSthula-ElaAmomum subulatumA.H.Su.15/4
14.VellaVidangaEmbelia ribesA.H.Su.15/4

Discussion

Acharya Charak had mentioned 2 Moolini and 1 Phalini Dravya along with Mahasneha, five Lavana, eight Dugdha for Nasya Karma in Sutra Adhyaya 1. Then, 23 Dravya along with Saindhav and Souvarchal Lavana in Sutra Adhyaya 2 ‘Apamamarga-Tanduliya Adhyaya’. The Adhyaya name is enough to tell the importance of Nasya Karma and role of Apamarga in it. Next, 10 Shirovirechanopaga Dravya are given in Sutra Adhyaya 4. He specifies the best Dravya for Shirovirechan in Sutra Adhyaya 25 i.e., Pratyakpushpa or Apamarga. Going to Vimansthana Adhyaya 8, he specifies 64 Dravya according to their 7 Ashrayas i.e., Phala-14, Patra-14, Moola-14, Kanda-4, Pushpa-5, Niryasa-7, Twacha-6.


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Acharya Sushruta in Sutra Adhyaya 39, total 34 Dravya are given according to the part used i.e., Phala-7, Moola-9, Kanda-3, Patra-4, Twacha-2, Pushpa-4, Saara-3, Niryasa-2. Lavana, Madya and Go-Shakrita and Mutra is also used.

Acharya Vagbhatta mentioned 14 Dravya and Saindhav Lavana. He did not clearly mention about the part use of Dravya. He added Tarkshyashaila, the Rasaushadhi for the Nasya Karma.

Table 5: Comparison of Dravya mentioned in Bruhatrayi

SNName of drugCharak SamhitaSushruta SamhitaAshtang Hridyam
1. Aguru+--
2. Ajaji+--
3. Ajgandha+--
4. Alamalaka+--
5. Alarka++-
6. Aparmarga/ Pratyakapushpa+++
7. Arjaka-+-
8. Arka++-
9. Asana+--
10.Ativisha++-
11.Avakapushpi+--
12.Bimbi-+-
13.Brihati+-+
14.Daru-haridra+-+
15.Devdaru+--
16.Ela/truti sukshma+-+
17.Gandiraka+--
18.Gandirapushpi+--
19.Gawakshi+--
20.Harenuka+--
21.Haridra+--
22.Hingu++-
23.Ingudi++-
24.Jati-+-
25.Jingani+--
26.Jyotishmati++-
27.Kantakari+--
28.Karanja-+-
29.Karvira-+-
30.Kshawaka+--
31.Kustha+--
32.Kuteraka+--
33.Laksha-+-
34.Lashuna++-
35.Lodhra+--
36.Madanphala+--
37.Madhuka-++
38.Mahashweta/Kinihi++-
39.Maricha+++
40.Matulungi-+-
41.Mesha-shringi-+-
42.Moolaka+--
43.Nagadanti+--
44.Nimba+--
45.Parnaas+--
46.Phaninjaka+--
47.Pilu++-
48.Pippali+++
49.Prathvika+-+

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50.Saptaparna+--
51.Saral+--
52.Sarshapa/Sidhartaka++-
53.Shaala-+-
54.Shallaki+--
55.Shigru+++
56.Shirisha+++
57.Shunthi/Nagar+++
58.Shweta/Aparajita++-
59.Sumukha+--
60.Surala--+
61.Surangi-+-
62.Sursa++-
63.Taala-+-
64.Talisha-+-
65.Tamaala-+-
66.Tarkari+--
67.Tejowati+--
68.Truti/ela sthula--+
69.Vacha++-
70.Varanga+--
71.Vayastha+--
72.Vidanga+++
73.Vrischikali+--

From the above data, all the three Acharyas mentioned seven Dravya in common i.e., Maricha, Nagar/Shunti, Pippali (Dravya of Trikatu), Apamarga, Shigru, Shirisha and Vidanga for Nasya Karma. Acharya Charaka and Sushruta have other 13 Dravya in common i.e., Alarka, Aparajita, Arka, Ativisha, Hingu, Ingudi, Jyotishmati, Lashuna, Pilu, Sarshapa, Shweta, Sursa and Vacha. Whereas Acharya Sushruta and Vagbhatta have other one Dravya common i.e., Madhuka. Acharya Charaka and Vagbhatta have four other common Dravya Brahti, Daruharidra, Ela and Hingupatri or Prathvika.

Table 6: Different views on part used for Nasya Karma in Bruhatrayi.

SNDrug NameCharaka SamhitaSushruta SamhitaAshtanga Hridyam Samhita
1. ApamargaPhala, MoolaPhala+
2. ArkaMoola, PushpaMoola-
3. AtivishaMoolaKanda-
4. BrihatiTwacha-Beeja
5. KshringaberaPatra, KandaKanda+
6. LashunaPatra, KandaKanda-
7. PiluPhalaPushpa-
8. ShigruPhala, TwachaPhalaBeeja
9. ShirishaPhala, BeejaPhalaBeeja
10.SidhartakaPatraPhala-

Conclusion

This article presents a thorough comprehensive review of Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita and Ashtanga Hridyam Samhita concerning compilation of 73 Dravya used in Nasya Karma. It includes a critical evaluation of several aspects related to botanical identification, plant parts used and their current availability. Commonly used Nasya and Shiro-Virechan Dravya include Apamarga, Jyotishmati, Shunthi, Maricha, Pippali, Shigru, Vacha, Haridra, Vidanga among others. The selection of suitable classical Nasya Dravya can enhance efficacy, with minimal side effects or complications, based on the patient's medical condition and disease severity. Future research trials could explore the detailed pharmacodynamics of the listed drugs.

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