E-ISSN:2456-3110

Research Protocol

Striae Gravidarum

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2025 Volume 10 Number 4 APRIL
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Pharmaceutico-Analytical Study and Clinical Evaluation of Tiktadi Ghrita Ointment in Kikkisa with special reference to Striae Gravidarum: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Khade AG1*, Belge RS2
DOI:10.21760/jaims.10.4.10

1* Alka G Khade, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Shri Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

2 Raman S Belge, Professor and HOD, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Shri Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

Introduction: Striae gravidarum are formed with extensive stretching and rupture of elastic fibers present in dermis during pregnancy. The prevalence rate of striae gravidarum, varies from 50% to 90% in various studies among pregnant women. Tiktadi Ghrita, a formulation described in Yogaratnakar (Uttarkhand), aids in the treatment of Vrana, promoting wound healing and alleviating skin discoloration. This study aimed to find the effect of this new topical treatment option i.e., Tiktadi Ghrita ointment on Kikkisa in relation to striae gravidarum.

Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the pharmaceutico-analytical study and clinical effect of Tiktadi Ghrita Ointment in Kikkisa with special reference to Striae gravidarum.

Materials and Methods: Tiktadi Ghrita ointment will be prepared as per classical reference. The prepared formulation will be assessed with organoleptic characters and physicochemical parameters. comparative clinical study will be carried out in 2 groups where each group will receive respective drug and will be evaluated for their results on Kikkisa.

Result: The analytical parameters will be assessed to establish pharmaceutical standardization. The result of clinical study will be drawn from the mentioned assessment criteria. Statistical analysis will be done accordingly.

Discussion: If significant positive results are obtained in this work, then it will be a valuable contribution and evidence that the drug Tiktadi Ghrita ointment is equally effective in Striae gravidarum as Karveer Taila.

Keywords: Kikkisa, Pregnancy disorders, Striae gravidarum, Tiktadi Ghrita ointment

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Alka G Khade, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Shri Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
Email: 		Khade AG, Belge RS, Pharmaceutico-Analytical Study and Clinical Evaluation of Tiktadi Ghrita Ointment in Kikkisa with special reference to Striae Gravidarum: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2025;10(4):64-72.
Available From
https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/4256/

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2025-03-12 2025-03-28 2025-04-08 2025-04-18 2025-04-28
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
None Nil Yes 11.54

© 2025 by Khade AG, Belge RS and Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

J Ayu Int Med Sci 2025;10(4)64
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Alka GK et al. Pharmaceutico-Analytical Study and Clinical Evaluation

Introduction

Ayurveda is an ancient science of life that focuses on achieving balance and harmony in the body, mind, and spirit to promote overall health and wellbeing. Ayurveda offers numerous formulations with beautifying properties to enhance skin health and appearance.[1-3]

Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana are branches of Ayurveda that deal with the preparation of medicinal formulations.[4] Rasashastra focuses on the use of heavy metals, minerals, and products of animal origin, poisonous substances, etc for therapeutic purposes, while Bhaishajya Kalpana involves the preparation of herbal medicines and formulations.[5] These disciplines are integral to Ayurvedic pharmacology and play a significant role in traditional Indian medicine.

Since women are God's created symbol of beauty and have a divine role in Utpatti, Dharan, and Poshan of Garbha, it is crucial to improve Garbhini's physical and mental health. Our Acharyas describe the Paricharya for Garbhini. Being a mother is a wonderful feeling for every woman, and every woman expects a fruitful pregnancy and delivery.[6.7]

In Ayurveda various physiological disorders during pregnancy are mentioned under the heading of Garbhini Vyapada, Kikkisa is one of them.[8] It occurs mostly in Saptam Masa of Garbhini Kala (7th month of pregnancy)[9]. As the fetus grows and enlarges the uterus (Garbhashaya), it displaces the Doshas Vata, Pitta, and Kapha upwards, causing a burning sensation (Daha) and itching (Kandu) in the abdomen, breasts, and thighs.

The factors and symptoms of Kikkisa are having closely resemblance with Striae gravidarum[10]. The prevalence rate of striae gravidarum, varies from 50% to 90% in various studies among pregnant women[11,12].

Striae gravidarum (SG) are formed with extensive stretching and rupture of elastic fibers present in dermis. These marks heal and scars formation takes place. These are the atrophic linear scars along natural skin lines due to connective tissue changes during the third trimester of pregnancy[13]. Symptoms such as Itching, burning sensation over abdomen, buttocks and thighs can be seen as pregnancy progresses.[12]

In various Ayurvedic texts for the treatment of Vran i.e., scar various Vran Savarnikaran Yogas has mentioned, Tiktadi Ghrita is one of these preparations[3]. Tiktadi Ghrita, a formulation described in Yogaratnakar (Uttarkhand), aids in the treatment of Vrana, promoting wound healing and alleviating skin discoloration[14]. Tikta Rasa possesses properties such as Vranaropan, Krumighna, Puyanashak, and Kandunashak.

Kikkisa

Kikkisa is a skin problem that can occur during pregnancy, as described by various Acharyas in pregnancy disorders. Acharyas such as Charaka, Vagbhata, Harita, and Bhela, along with their commentators like Chakrapani, Arundatta, Indu, Gangadhar, and Jaydev Vidhyalankar, have discussed Kikkisa in the context of pregnancy issues. But, Acharya Sushruta did not discuss Kikkisa specifically in relation to pregnancy, but he did mention it as one type of Raktaja Krimi out of the seven types he described.[15]

Etiology/Hetu

Vataprakopak Hetu: Katu, Tikta and Kashay Rasatmak Aahar, Ruksha, Shita Aahar, Vegvidharan, Diwaswap, Ratrijagaran, Langhan, Atichankraman leads to Vataprakopa.

Pittaprakopak Hetu: Ati Ushna-Tikshna-Vidahi Bhojan, Katu-Amla-Lavan Rasatmak Bhojan, Upwas, Atikrodha leads to Pittaprakopa.

Kaphaprakopak Hetu: Madhur-Amla Rasatmak Aahar, Ati Sheeta, Snigdha, Guru, Abhishyandi Aahar and Diwaswap causes Kaphaprakopa.

Aahar - Vihar of mother plays important role in the formation of Kikkisa.

Etiopathogenesis (Samprapti)

According to women, the growth of a fetus's scalp hair during the seventh month causes an increase in Vidaha in the mother, leading to the development of Kikkisa.

However, Atreya disagrees, stating that as the fetus grows, it pushes the Doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) upward. These Doshas, when they reach the Urah (breasts, according to Charaka) or Hridaya (heart, according to Vagbhata), cause a burning sensation that results in itching and the formation of Kikkisa.


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In late second trimester
↓
Growing foetus
↓
Displaces Dosha upwards
↓
Rekhaswarupa Twak Sankocha, Charma Vidararva
↓
Kandu, Vidah, Vaivarnya
↓
Kikkisa

According to Charak Samhita:

Some Acharyas believe that itching during pregnancy, leading to Kikkisa, is caused by the fetus's hair growth in the seventh month causing Vidaha in mother. However, Acharya Atreya disagrees, suggesting that the growing fetus pushes the doshas upward, causing itching in the chest area (Uras). This itching, known as Vidah, results in Kikkisa.[16]

But according to Chakrapani, since all organs starts developing by the third month, hair growth also starts developing from third month, indicating that it unlikely to be the exclusive cause of itching. He uses the word “Charma Vidaranam” for this.

“Kikkisaccha Charma Vidaranam” (Ch.Sa.8/32 Chakrapani Teeka).

Gangadhar and Chakrapani both agree that "Kikkisa" refers to a tear in the skin. Hindi commentator Jayadev Vidhyalankar provides two reasons why hair growth cannot be the cause of itching:

1. Hair development begins in the third month, so if hair were the cause, itching should start earlier.
2. There is no direct connection between fetal hair and uterine wall, as fetus is enclosed within amniotic sac, which is filled with amniotic fluid.

According to Astanga Hridaya:

The pressure from the developing fetus pushes the Doshas upto the Hridaya, causing itching and burning sensations, which leads to Kikkisa.[17]

Arundatta provides a detailed description of the disease, mentioning that Kikkisa appears as wrinkled or creased markings (Valivishesha) in areas like the hips, breasts, and abdomen. These markings resemble linear lines and are called Kikkisa. He describes as –

Shooka Kairieva Poornatha.“Rekhakaara Stakale Prayo Jayante Te Kikkisasamgnaha” (A.H.Sa.1/58 Arundatta Teeka).

In some women, there are long, paddy-like structures (Shukakriti Purnata), also known as Kikkisa. Burning sensations in the palms and soles are referred to as Vidaha.

According to Astanga Sangraha:

In Ashtanga Sangrah, Vridhdha Vagbhatta gives a similar description to Charaka, but he uses the word "Hridaj" instead of "Uras"[18]. Commentator Indu suggests that the linear contractions of the skin cause Kikkisa.

According to Bhela Samhita:

In the seventh month of pregnancy, the pressure from the growing fetus disturbs the Vata, Pitta, and Kapha Doshas, causing them to rise upto the Ura and resulting in burning sensations and itching. This condition is known as Kikkisa.[19]

According to Harita Samhita:

Harita has not discribed Kikkisa, but he has mentioned eight disorders of pregnancy and Vivarnata is one of them which is a symptom of Kikkisa.[20]

Symptoms:

1. Kandu (Itching)
2. Vidaha (Burning sensation)94333401

Signs:

1. Charamvidarama: Cracking of the skin between the breasts, abdomen, and thighs.
2. Rekhaswaroop Tvak Sankocha: Linear line markings and contractions on the abdominal skin.
3. Valivishesha Rekhakara: Round, oval, and linear markings on the thighs, breasts, and abdomen.
4. Shukakriti Purnta: Paddy seed-like structures on the skin.
5. Tvak Bheda: Differentiation or splitting of skin.
6. Vairupya/Vaivarnya: Discoloration of the skin.

Treatment:

Ayurvedic texts describe two main treatment approaches- Abhyantar and Bahya Chikitsa. Abhyantar Chikitsa involves different Yogas (Ayurvedic formulations) for internal consumption whereas Bahya Chikitsa comprises local application and irrigation with different medicines.


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Treatment of Kikkisa is explained only in Charak Samhita, Astang Hridaya, Astang Sangraha and Bhela Samhita.

I) Abhyantar Chikitsa:

Butter infused with the drugs of Madhuragana should be given to pregnant women frequently in the dose of Panitala Matra with Kolodak (Sushka Badar Phala Kwath) as an Anupan.[21]

The butter medicated with decoction of dry fruit of Badar and drugs of Madhuragana should be given.

II) Bahya Chikitsa:

Lepa - Any one of the following rubbed over the abdomen and breasts:

  • Paste of Chandan and Mrinala
  • Chandan and Usira
  • Powder of Sirisha stem bark, Dhataki flowers, Sarsapa, and Madhuyasti
  • Pestled bark of Kutaja, seeds of Arjaka (Tulsi), Musta, and Haridra
  • Pestled leaves of Nimba, Kola, Surasa, and Manjistha
  • Triphala pestled with blood of deer and rabbit
  • Oil prepared with pestled leaves of Karvir
  • Oil prepared with pestled leaves of Karanj

Parisheka - Irrigation of abdomen and breasts should be done by any one of the following:

  • Water infused with Punarnava, Malati flowers, and Madhuka.
  • Decoction of Patol, Nimba, Manjistha, and Surasa.
  • Decoction of Daruharidra and Madhuka.
  • For severe itching, apply the mentioned powders or an ointment.
  • Bath with Chandan to soothe itching with its cooling properties.

Striae Gravidarum:

Striae gravidarum, or stretch marks of pregnancy, are a common cutaneous physiological change occurring during pregnancy.[22] They are considered the most common connective tissue change of pregnancy[23] and affect both primipara and multipara women.

Striae gravidarum are slightly depressed linear marks with varying length and breadth. These stretch marks represent the scar tissues within the deeper layers of the skin. They are primarily found on the abdominal wall below the umbilicus and sometimes over the thighs and breasts. Women of all racial groups are at risk (24). Rates of occurrence vary, with reported rates ranging between 50 and 90%.[25] Striae gravidarum usually first appears around the sixth and seventh month of pregnancy[26] but has been reported before 24 weeks gestation.[27]

Etiopathogenesis:

Extensive stretching of the skin
↓
Causes elastic fibers in the dermis to rupture
↓
Microscopic bleeding occurs along with the inflammation of tissue
↓
Leads to reddish-purple appearance of newly formed stretch marks
↓
As the dermis stretches, the epidermis also stretches becomes translucent, revealing reddish-purple stretch marks
↓
These marks heal leading to scar formation

Striae undergoes three different stages of maturation:

1. Acute characterized by red and slightly raised striae (rubra);
2. Subacute characterized by purpuric striae;
3. Chronic characterized by hypopigmented and atrophic striae (alba).

In particular, striae rubra are flattened areas of skin with a pink-red hue that may be itchy and slightly raised. Then, they are prone to increase in length and acquire a darker purple color. Over time, the striae rubra develop into striae alba that appear white, flat, and depressed.[28] In multiparous women the combination of pinkish and white striae are visible.

Risk factors associated with the development of striae gravidarum are not identified clearly.[29] Two commonly recognized risk factors are higher weight gains in pregnancy and higher birth weight babies. Other risk factors include a family history,


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a personal history of striae and young maternal age.[30] Apart from the mechanical stretching of the skin, increase in aldosterone production during pregnancy are the responsible factors. Estrogen, relaxin, and adrenocortical hormones may decrease the adhesiveness between collagen fibers and increase ground substance thus resulting in SG.

Treatment:

There is no specific treatment

Controlled weight gain during pregnancy and massaging the abdominal wall with lubricants like olive oil may be helpful in reducing their formation.

During Ante Partum-Massage with the lubricants contains tocopherol, fatty acids, hyaluronic acid.

During postpartum- Laser therapy and cosmetic surgery is indicated.

Table 1: Nature of the Knowledge gap identified.

Research Gap TypesType of research gap used
Knowledge GapThere is no previous work done on the effectiveness of Tiktadi Ghrita and its ointment on Kikkisa.
Methodological GapAfter an extensive literature search, the research scholar could not find any clinical study of Tiktadi Ghrita and its ointment on Kikkisa w.s.r. to striae gravidarum.
Practical Knowledge GapThere are conflicting results regarding the pharmaceutical conversion of Ghrita to ointment.
Empirical Knowledge gapThe insufficient literature regarding conceptual, pharmaceutical, analytical, and clinical studies has formed an empirical knowledge Gap.

Aim and Objectives

Aim

To evaluate the pharmaceutico-analytical study and clinical effect of Tiktadi Ghrita Ointment in Kikkisa with special reference to Striae gravidarum.

Objectives

Primary objectives:

1. To study pharmaceutical proce. of Tiktadi Ghrita
2. To analyze organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of Tiktadi Ghrita

Secondary objective:

1. To compare the effect of Tiktadi Ghrita Ointment and Karveer Tail in Kikkisa .

Materials and Methods

Present work will be conducted under the following headings.

1) Pharmaceutical Study

In this study, Tiktadi Ghrita will be prepared as per classical reference to establish pharmaceutical standardization. This pharmaceutical study will be done according to the following steps.

A) Selection of Raw material
B) Procurement of raw drugs - All raw drugs will be collected/procured from the field and authentic reliable sources.
C) Authentication of raw material - All raw materials will be verified and authenticated.
D) Raw drugs will be standardized as per API.

Tiktadi Ghrita –

Table 2: Tiktadi Ghrita Ingredients

SNDravyaLatin name / English nameParts used
1.KutakiPicrorhiza kurroaRoot
2.SikthaBees wax-
3.NishaCurcuma longaRoot
4.YashtimadhuGlycirhiza glabraRoot
5.Karanj PatraPongamia pinnataLeaves
6.Karanj PhalPongamia pinnataFruit
7.Malti PatraJasminum officinaleLeaves
8.Patol PatraTrichosanthus diociaLeaves
9.Nimb PatraAzardiracta indicaLeaves
10.Goghrita--

Method of preparation of Tiktadi Ghrita[31]

1. The above-mentioned Kwath Dravya will be made into Churna separately and mixed together. It will then be taken into a vessel, and eight times water will be added. The mixture will be kept overnight. The next morning, the contents will be heated over Mandagni until the total volume is reduced to one-fourth and then filtered through a clean cloth.

2. All ingredients mentioned in Kalka Dravya will be crushed into a fine powder and mixed with water to make a Kalka.

3. Go-ghrita Murcchana - It will be carried out according to proce. given in Bhaishajya Ratnavali.

4. Go-ghrita will be taken in vessel & heated slightly over Mandagni until water content evaporates, foam disappears, & characteristic sound from Ghrita.


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5. Then, the Kalka and Kwath will be added to the Ghrita and heated until it reaches the Sneha Siddha Lakshanas. After this, the vessel will be removed from the fire, and after cooling the Ghrita will be filtered.

6. The prepared Ghrita will be stored in glass containers.

Tiktadi Ghrita Ointment-

Table 3: Tiktadi Ghrita Ointment ingredients

SNIngredientsUse/ActionQuantity
1.Tiktadi GhritaActive Ingredients5 parts
2.BeeswaxThickening agent1 part
3.Rose waterPerfuming agentQ.S

Method of preparation of Tiktadi Ghrita Ointment[32-34]

1. The appropriate quantity of beeswax will be taken and gently heated in a suitable vessel until it melts completely.
2. In another vessel, the appropriate quantity of Tiktadi Ghrita will be taken and gently heated until it melts completely.
3. The heated Tiktadi Ghrita will be slowly added to the vessel containing the melted beeswax.
4. The mixture will be stirred gently until a homogeneous mixture is obtained, and then rose oil will be added.
5. The mixture will be thoroughly mixed to achieve the desired ointment consistency.
6. The mixture will be allowed to cool at room temperature.
7. The prepared ointment will be stored in a wide-mouth container.

2) Analytical Study:

1. Descriptive parameters

Subjective parameters of the finished product (Organoleptic Characters)

  • Shabda (Sound)
  • Sparsh (Sensation)
  • Rupa (Color)
  • Rasa (Taste)
  • Gandha (odor)

2. Objective parameters

Objective parameters of the finished product (Physiochemical parameters)

  • Ph
  • Viscosity
  • Acid Value
  • Specific gravity
  • spread ability
  • Rancidity

3. Experimental Study:

1. Assessment for eligibility.
2. Randomization.
3. Allotment of Trial Group A and Control Group B.
4. Trial group-A will receive Tiktadi Ghrita Ointment and Control group-B will receive Karveer Taila.[35]
5. Individual follows up of Gr-A and Gr-B will be taken every 15 days for 45 days.
6. Final analysis after completion of trials.
7. Conclusion and Result.

Inclusion criteria

Patients willingly participating in the trial and giving consent form.

1. Age group 20-35 years.
2. Selection of patient will be Primigravida only.
3. Women diagnosed with symptoms of Kikkisa

A) Vaivarnya (Discoloration)
B) Kandu (Itching)
C) Vidaha (Burning sensation)
D) Rekha Swarupa Twak Sankocha (Linear line marking and contractions of the skin in the abdomen).

Exclusion criteria

1. Women suffering from any other skin diseases except Kikkisa.
2. Known case of any systemic illness like tuberculosis, HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Diabetes mellitus, Hyperbilirubinemia, etc.
3. Presence of any surgical scar on the abdomen.
4. High-risk pregnancy. (multiple pregnancy, pregnancy induced hypertension, Polyhydramnios, etc.)

Criteria for withdrawal

1. Patient willing to discontinue the trial.
2. Intercurrent illness.
3. If the patient develops any allergy due to the study drug


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Sample size: Sample size in present study will be 32 for each group. Thus, total 64 will be estimated sample size for this study

Table 4: Intervention Details

Group –AGroup –B
No. of patients3232
DrugTiktadi Ghrita OintmentKarveer Tail
DoseQSQS
Route of AdministrationExternal ApplicationExternal Application
Period of Administration30 Days30 Days
Duration of study45 days45 days
Follow-up0th, 15th, 30th, 45th day0th, 15th, 30th, 45thday

Parameters of assessment:

Table 5: Parameters of assessment

SNSymptoms0th Day15th Day30th Day45th Day
1.No. of striations over abdomen
2.Itching
3.Burning
4.Discoloration

Overall Assessment Criteria:

Table 6: Overall assessment criteria

Poor Improvement0-25% relief in signs and symptoms
Mild Improvement26-50% relief in signs and symptoms
Moderate Improvement51-75% relief in signs and symptoms
Marked Improvement76-100% relief in signs and symptoms

Statistical analysis: All the statistical analysis will be performed using STATA software. P value < 0.05 will be considered as statistically significant.

Study design:

1. Pharmaceutical, Analytical, Experimental
2. Study period - 18 months study
3. Study centres - Present work will be conducted at the following study centres.

A) Pharmaceutical work will be carried out at the department of Rasashastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana of our Institute.
B) Analytical work will be carried out at certified Analytical laboratory.
C) Experimental study will be carried out in the OPD of Study centre.
D) We will approach other inst. as per need of study

Statistical analysis:

1. Results will be expressed in mean value and standard error of the mean.

2. Statistical analysis will be applied accordingly.

Observations and Results

Stepwise observations will be recorded and presented in the form of tables, charts and pictures, etc.

Discussion

The prevalence rate of striae gravidarum, varies from 50% to 90% in various studies among pregnant women. Pregnancy brings about numerous cosmetic changes that can be distressing for women in today’s beauty-conscious era. Hence there is need of study for the treatment of stretchmarks which is cost effective and with minimal side effects.

Many conventional treatments for stretch marks, such as certain topical creams or laser therapies, micro-needling may not be recommended during pregnancy due to potential risks to the fetus. Also, no consistently effective therapies established yet.

There is a need to study Ayurvedic principles for managing stretch marks during pregnancy, as they offer non-invasive alternatives with minimal side effects for pregnant women. Exploring Ayurveda could provide safer, potent, gentle solutions for this unavoidable concern in women's life.

Also, no prior study done on clinical aspects of Tiktadi Ghrita ointment on Kikkisa in relation to striae gravidarum. Therefore, this study aimed to find the effect of this new topical treatment option for stretchmarks. The ointment formulation of Ghrita is develop for the patient compliance, ease of application and stability of product.

Conclusion

The present study is planned to evaluate the effect of Tiktadi Ghrita Ointment on Kikkisa.

A) The positive outcome of the study will give the evidence of efficiency of Tiktadi Ghrita Ointment on Kikkisa.
B) With the positive outcome of Tiktadi Ghrita ointment, we can study further for its clinical studies for large population.
C) If the conversion method of Tiktadi Ghrita ointment preparation proves to be more efficient, then such modified dosage form can be more effective and convenient for the patient.


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Consent: Consent form will be signed from the subjects before start of study.

Ethical approval: Ethical approval will be taken from the Institutional Ethical Committee at our Institute.

Competing Interests: No competing interests exist.

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