E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Holistic Geriatric Care

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2025 Volume 10 Number 4 APRIL
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

The Ayurveda Way - Holistic Geriatric Care for A Healthy Old Age

Sinha R1*, Jayashree KS2
DOI:10.21760/jaims.10.4.29

1* Rajat Sinha, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Dravyaguna, Ramakrishna Ayurvedic Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

2 Jayashree KS, Professor and HOD, Department of Dravyaguna, Ramakrishna Ayurvedic Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Aging is an inevitable and progressive biological process that affects the physical, mental, and emotional well-being of an individual. Ayurveda, the ancient science of life, provides a holistic approach to geriatric care, focusing on maintaining health, preventing age-related disorders, and promoting longevity. The concept of Jara (aging) is primarily associated with Vata Dosha aggravation, leading to degenerative changes in the body. Dravyaguna Vijnana (Ayurvedic pharmacology) plays a crucial role in geriatric care by utilizing various Rasayana (rejuvenate) herbs and formulations that enhance strength, immunity, cognitive function, and overall vitality. Ayurvedic interventions, including Medhya Rasayana (nootropic herbs), Balya and Brimhana Dravyas (strength-promoting substances), and age-specific dietary regimens, are effective in preventing and managing common geriatric disorders such as Sandhivata (osteoarthritis), Smriti Hani (memory loss), Pandu Roga (anemia), and Jatharagni Mandya (digestive weakness). Along with herbal medicine, therapies like Panchakarma, Abhyanga (oil massage), Swedana (herbal fomentation), and Shirodhara play a significant role in promoting physical and mental well-being in old age. This article explores the role of Dravyaguna in holistic geriatric care, highlighting Ayurvedic pharmacological principles, therapeutic herbs, and formulations that support healthy aging and longevity.

Keywords: Ayurveda, Geriatric care, Rasayana Therapy, Dravyaguna Vijnana, Healthy aging

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Rajat Sinha, Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Dravyaguna, Ramakrishna Ayurvedic Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Email: 		Sinha R, Jayashree KS, The Ayurveda Way - Holistic Geriatric Care for A Healthy Old Age. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2025;10(4):195-201.
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Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
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© 2025 by Sinha R, Jayashree KS and Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

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Rajat S et al. Holistic Geriatric Care for A Healthy Old Age

Introduction

Aging is an inevitable and progressive biological process that affects physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, offers a holistic approach to aging through the principles of Jara (senescence) and Rasayana (rejuvenation therapy).[1]

According to Ayurvedic texts, aging is considered a natural process (Swabhavika Vyadhi) that results from the gradual depletion of Dhatus (tissues) and the predominance of Vata dosha in the later stages of life. Unlike modern medicine, which primarily focuses on symptomatic relief of age-related ailments, Ayurveda emphasizes preventive measures, dietary modifications, lifestyle changes, and the use of medicinal herbs to promote healthy aging.[2]

The concept of aging in Ayurveda is closely linked to the functioning of Agni (digestive fire), Ojas (vital energy), and Srotas (microchannels). The decline in these physiological factors leads to various age-related disorders, including musculoskeletal degeneration, cognitive impairment, and metabolic imbalances.[3] Ayurveda classifies aging as a degenerative process influenced by multiple factors, such as genetic predisposition (Beeja Dosha), lifestyle habits, and environmental influences holistic approach of Ayurveda in geriatric care includes the use of Rasayana herbs, Panchakarma therapies, yoga, and meditation to delay aging and improve the quality of life in old age.[4]

This article explores the Ayurvedic perspective on aging with a special focus on Dravyaguna (Ayurvedic pharmacology). It highlights the role of medicinal plants, their pharmacological actions, and their therapeutic applications in geriatric care. The use of Medhya Rasayana (cognitive enhancers), Balya Dravyas (strength-promoting herbs), and Vayasthapana Rasayana (age-preserving herbs) is discussed in detail, along with dietary and lifestyle recommendations to support healthy aging.[5]

Pathophysiology of Aging in Ayurveda

Aging (Jara) is a natural and unavoidable process described in Ayurveda as a Swabhavika Vyadhi (natural disorder) that progressively impacts the body's physical, mental, and functional capacities fundamental cause of aging in Ayurveda is gradual decline of Dhatu Poshana(tissue nourishment),

which leads to loss of strength (Bala), stability (Sthiratva), and immunity (Vyadhikshamatva) over time.[6]

Ayurveda classifies aging into two types: Kalaja Jara (normal aging due to time) and Akalmrityu Jara (premature aging due to lifestyle and disease factors). The dominance of Vata dosha in old age is a primary factor contributing to Dhatu Kshaya (tissue depletion), joint degeneration (Sandhigata Vikara), and neurological decline (Smriti Hani). Additionally, the impairment of Agni (digestive fire) leads to improper digestion and metabolism, resulting in the accumulation of Ama (toxins), which further accelerates aging-related disorders.[7]

The decline in Ojas, considered the essence of all tissues, is a crucial factor in aging. Ojas depletion weakens the immune system, increases fatigue, and reduces the body's resilience to stress and diseases. Ayurvedic texts emphasize that the progressive deterioration of Srotas (bodily channels) due to Srotodushti (blockage and dysfunction) further contributes to the decline of physiological processes and cellular aging.[8]

Ayurveda suggests that aging is influenced by multiple factors, including genetic predisposition (Beeja Dosha), environmental exposure, dietary habits (Ahara), and lifestyle practices (Vihara). Improper food intake, excessive mental stress, and sedentary behavior accelerate Akalmrityu Jara, leading to early onset of degenerative disorders such as osteoarthritis, dementia, and cardiovascular diseases.[9]

To counteract aging, Ayurveda emphasizes Rasayana Chikitsa (rejuvenation therapy), which includes dietary regimens, lifestyle modifications, and herbal interventions to nourish Dhatus, enhance Ojas, and delay degeneration. Key Rasayana herbs such as Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), Amalaki (Emblica officinalis), and Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) play a vital role in maintaining cellular integrity and promoting longevity.[10]

Common Age-Related Disorders and Ayurvedic Management

Aging leads to various chronic diseases due to physiological and metabolic decline. Ayurveda attributes these disorders to Dosha imbalances and Dhatu depletion, which can be managed through Rasayana therapy, Panchakarma, and dietary-lifestyle modifications.[11]


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1. Osteoarthritis (Sandhivata)

Osteoarthritis, described as Sandhivata, results from Vata aggravation, causing cartilage degeneration and joint stiffness (Charaka Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana 28/37).

Management

  • Herbs: Shallaki (Boswellia serrata), Dashmool, and Guduchi reduce inflammation
  • Panchakarma: Janu Basti and Pizhichil improve joint lubrication.
  • Diet & Lifestyle: Warm, moist foods, daily oil massage, and gentle yoga help maintain mobility.[12]

2. Cognitive Decline

Ayurveda links cognitive decline to Vata aggravation and Ojas Kshaya, affecting memory and concentration.

Management

  • Herbs: Brahmi, Vacha, and Jyotishmati improve cognitive function.
  • Panchakarma: Nasya with Anu Taila and Shirodhara enhance neurological stability
  • Diet & Lifestyle: Ghee, almonds, meditation, and breathing exercises support brain health.[13]

3. Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs)

Heart diseases arise from Rasa Dhatu imbalances and Srotas Dushti, leading to hypertension and atherosclerosis

Management:

  • Herbs: Arjuna, Lasuna, and Punarnava regulate heart function
  • Panchakarma: Hridaya Basti and Raktamokshana detoxify the heart
  • Diet & Lifestyle: A Sattvic diet, Pranayama, and mild exercise support heart health.

4. Diabetes Mellitus (Madhumeha)

Ayurveda correlates diabetes with Madhumeha, caused by Kapha and Pitta imbalance leading to Agni Dushti.

Management:

  • Herbs: Gudmar, Jamun, and Turmeric regulate blood sugar.

  • Panchakarma: Virechana and Udwartana help in metabolic balance.
  • Diet & Lifestyle: Fiber-rich food, intermittent fasting, and brisk walking maintain glucose levels.[14]

Ayurvedic Formulations for Geriatric Health

Aging is associated with Dhatu Kshaya (tissue depletion), Ojas decline, and Vata aggravation, which predispose individuals to degenerative and metabolic disorders. Ayurvedic formulations, particularly Rasayana therapies, aim to rejuvenate tissues, enhance longevity, and promote overall well-being in elderly individuals.[15]

Rasayana Therapy

Rasayana formulations help delay aging, improve immunity, and maintain physiological functions. These formulations are recommended for geriatric care to nourish Dhatus and enhance vitality.

Common Rasayanas for Geriatrics:

  • Chyawanprash: A potent rejuvenator that strengthens immunity & supp. respiratory health (Charaka Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana 1/1-2).
  • Brahma Rasayana: Enhances cognitive function and mental clarity.
  • Amalaki Rasayana: A powerful antioxidant that improves digestion and skin health.[16]

Medhya Rasayana (Cognitive Rejuvenators)

These formulations are beneficial in preventing cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders like dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

  • Brahmi Ghrita: Supports memory retention and relieves stress.
  • Vacha Churna: Helps in speech disorders and improves mental sharpness
  • Mandukaparni Rasayana: Strengthens neural pathways and promotes relaxation.[17]

Vata-Pacifying Formulations

Aging is predominantly a Vata disorder, leading to joint issues, insomnia, and neurological imbalances. These formulations help in balancing Vata Dosha.

  • Mahayogaraj Guggulu: Beneficial for osteoarthritis and musculoskeletal health.
  • Ashwagandha Churna: Reduces stress, strengthens muscles & improves energy levels.

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  • Dashmoolarishta: Effective in reducing generalized weakness and inflammatory conditions.[18]

Digestive & Metabolic Health Formulations

Aging weakens Agni (digestive fire), leading to indigestion, constipation, and metabolic imbalances. These formulations enhance digestion and nutrient absorption.

  • Triphala Churna: Regulates bowel movement and acts as an antioxidant.
  • Avipattikar Churna: Helps in managing hyperacidity and sluggish digestion
  • Hingwashtak Churna: Aids in relieving bloating and digestive discomfort.[19]

Cardio-Protective & Circulatory Formulations

Cardiovascular disorders are common in aging due to Rasa Dhatu and Srotas Dushti. These Ayurvedic formulations support heart health and circulation.

  • Arjuna Ksheer Pak: Strengthens cardiac muscles and lowers cholesterol.
  • Punarnavadi Kwath: Helps in edema and supports renal function.
  • Lasuna Rasayana: Reduces blood pressure and prevents arterial blockages.[20]

Yoga and Pranayama for Elderly Well-being

Yoga and Pranayama play a crucial role in maintaining physical, mental, and emotional well-being in elderly individuals. Regular practice helps in improving flexibility, reducing stress, enhancing cognitive function, and promoting overall vitality. Ayurveda considers Vata Dosha to be predominant in old age, leading to issues such as joint pain, anxiety, insomnia, and poor digestion. Yoga and Pranayama help in balancing Vata and improving overall longevity.[21]

Benefits of Yoga for the Elderly

Yoga enhances strength, stability, and coordination, reducing the risk of falls and age-related musculoskeletal issues. Some key benefits include:

  • Improved Joint Health: Vrikshasana (Tree Pose) & Trikonasana (Triangle Pose) help in maintaining joint flexibility & reducing stiffness.
  • Better Posture & Mobility: Tadasana (Mountain Pose) & Bhujangasana (Cobra Pose) strengthen spine & enhance mobility.

  • Cognitive and Mental Health Benefits: Yoga reduces stress and anxiety by modulating the nervous system, improving memory, and enhancing emotional stability.[22]

Role of Pranayama in Geriatric Health

Pranayama is a controlled breathing technique that helps regulate Prana Vayu, supporting lung function, cardiovascular health, and mental clarity. It is particularly beneficial in managing stress, hypertension, and respiratory disorders in elderly individuals.

  • Bhramari Pranayama (Humming Bee Breath): Helps in calming the mind, reducing anxiety, and improving sleep quality.
  • Anulom Vilom (Alternate Nostril Breathing): Enhances lung capacity, improves oxygenation, and balances Ida and Pingala Nadis.
  • Kapalabhati (Skull-Shining Breath): Aids digestion, boosts metabolism, and clears respiratory pathways.[23]

Yoga and Pranayama for Specific Age-Related Disorders

  • For Arthritis and Joint Pain: Vrikshasana, Trikonasana, and gentle Surya Namaskar variations help in improving joint flexibility and reducing inflammation.
  • For Hypertension and Cardiovascular Health: Shavasana (Corpse Pose), Paschimottanasana (Seated Forward Bend), and Bhramari Pranayama aid in stress reduction and blood pressure control.
  • For Respiratory Disorders: Bhujangasana (Cobra Pose), Anulom Vilom, and Ujjayi Pranayama improve lung function and help in managing conditions like COPD and asthma.
  • For Cognitive Function: Padmasana (Lotus Pose), Sukhasana (Easy Pose), and Bhramari Pranayama enhance focus and prevent neurodegenerative disorders.[24]

Integration of Yoga and Ayurveda for Holistic Geriatric Care

Combination of Ayurvedic principles & Yoga enhances effectiveness of geriatric care. Use of Abhyanga (oil massage), Rasayana therapy, & diet modification, along with Yoga & Pranayama, ensures better physical & mental health in old age.[25]


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Preventive Geriatric Strategies in Ayurveda

Aging is an inevitable process, but Ayurveda offers a comprehensive approach to preventing age-related deterioration and promoting longevity. Preventive geriatrics in Ayurveda emphasizes Rasayana therapy, Dinacharya (daily regimen), Ritucharya (seasonal regimen), diet, and Panchakarma therapies to maintain health and prevent chronic diseases. These strategies help in delaying degenerative changes, improving immunity, and enhancing the overall quality of life in elderly individuals.[26]

Rasayana Therapy for Longevity

Rasayana therapy is a rejuvenation treatment aimed at improving strength, immunity, and longevity. It nourishes tissues (Dhatus), enhances mental clarity, and prevents premature aging. Some well-known Rasayana herbs include:

  • Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia): A potent immunomodulator that enhances vitality and reduces oxidative stress.
  • Pippali (Piper longum): A respiratory and digestive tonic that supports metabolic health and reduces inflammation.
  • Mandukaparni (Centella asiatica): Known for its neuroprotective effects, it enhances cognitive function and prevents neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Shilajit: A mineral-rich adaptogen that improves energy levels, reduces fatigue, and supports musculoskeletal health.[27]

Dinacharya (Daily Regimen) for Healthy Aging

A well-structured daily routine is essential for maintaining health and preventing disease progression in old age. Ayurveda prescribes:

  • Regular Oil Massage (Abhyanga): Daily Abhyanga with medicated oils like Mahanarayan Taila helps reduce joint stiffness and nourish the skin.
  • Oral Hygiene: Herbal formulations like Triphala mouth rinse and Gandusha (oil pulling) help in preventing gum diseases and maintaining oral health.
  • Mindful Sleeping Patterns: Maintaining a consistent sleep cycle and using Ayurvedic sleep aids like Brahmi and Jatamansi improve sleep quality and cognitive health.[28]

Ritucharya (Seasonal Regimen) for Aging Population

Elderly individuals are particularly sensitive to seasonal changes, which can aggravate Vata and lead to age-related disorders. Ayurveda prescribes seasonal adaptations for better health:

  • Winter (Hemanta & Shishira): Warm oil massages and a nutrient-rich diet help prevent dryness and joint pain.
  • Summer (Grishma): Hydration and cooling herbs like Amalaki and Shatavari protect against dehydration and heat stress.
  • Monsoon (Varsha): Use of digestive stimulants like Ginger and Haritaki prevents gastric discomfort and seasonal infections.[29]

Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations for Elderly Health

Ayurveda emphasizes a Sattvic diet and lifestyle modifications to slow aging and promote well-being. Some essential recommendations include:

  • Consumption of Dairy and Ghee: Supports bone health, enhances digestion, and promotes mental clarity.
  • Reduction of Processed and Heavy Foods: Prevents metabolic disorders and maintains gut health .
  • Inclusion of Herbal Decoctions: Herbal teas with Tulsi, Cinnamon, and Ginger help boost immunity and digestion.[30]

Panchakarma for Geriatric Health Maintenance

Ayurveda advocates periodic Panchakarma detoxification therapies to prevent the accumulation of toxins and maintain physiological balance. Some recommended therapies include:

  • Basti (Medicated Enema): Highly effective in managing Vata disorders like arthritis, constipation, and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Virechana (Purgation Therapy): Eliminates excessive Pitta and supports liver function, preventing age-related metabolic disorders.
  • Nasya (Nasal Therapy): Administering medicated oils like Anu Taila improves brain function, enhances respiratory health, and prevents cognitive decline.[31]

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Conclusion

Aging is a natural and inevitable process, but Ayurveda provides a holistic approach to maintaining health and vitality in old age. Among various branches of Ayurveda, Dravyaguna Vigyana plays a crucial role in geriatric care by offering evidence-based herbal solutions for age-related disorders. The use of Rasayana herbs like Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus), and Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) helps in rejuvenation, neuroprotection, and immunity enhancement, addressing the root causes of aging-related decline.

Preventive strategies such as Dinacharya, Ritucharya, personalized diet, and Panchakarma therapies are further strengthened by the intelligent use of medicinal plants. Herbal formulations like Chyawanprash, Triphala, and Guggulu preparations play a significant role in maintaining metabolic health, improving digestion, and preventing oxidative stress. The therapeutic potential of these Dravyas extends beyond symptomatic relief, as they help in strengthening tissues (Dhatus), enhancing cognitive function, and balancing Doshas to promote longevity.

Integrating Dravyaguna based interventions with yoga, pranayama, and lifestyle modifications creates a comprehensive geriatric care system. Scientific validation of these herbs and their pharmacological actions further solidifies their importance in modern healthcare. By embracing Ayurvedic principles and utilizing the potential of medicinal plants, elderly individuals can experience healthy aging with improved quality of life, reduced dependency, and sustained vitality. Thus, Dravyaguna Vigyana remains the cornerstone of Ayurvedic geriatrics, offering a natural, sustainable, and effective path to longevity and well-being.

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