E-ISSN:2456-3110

Review Article

Diabetes Management

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

2025 Volume 10 Number 3 MARCH
Publisherwww.maharshicharaka.in

Integrative approaches to Diabetes Management: Evaluating the Impact of Naturopathy, Diet, Yoga, and Herbal Therapy Compared to Conventional Treatments

Upadhyay RT1*, Upadhyay AK2
DOI:10.21760/jaims.10.3.29

1* Ruchita T Upadhyay, Naturopathy and Yogic Science Expert, Ashwamedha Health and Wellness Institute, Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India.

2 Avnish K Upadhyay, Senior Consultant, Rishikul Campus Hospital, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and progressive multi-organ complications. Conventional treatment strategies predominantly rely on pharmacological interventions, such as insulin therapy and oral hypoglycemic agents, which effectively regulate blood glucose levels but may be associated with adverse effects, medication dependency, and limited long-term sustainability. In contrast, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), including naturopathy, dietary interventions, yoga, and herbal therapy, has emerged as a promising adjunct or alternative approach, addressing the underlying metabolic imbalances and promoting holistic well-being. This review critically examines the scientific evidence supporting CAM therapies in diabetes management, comparing their efficacy with conventional treatments. Studies suggest that yoga enhances insulin sensitivity, herbal formulations regulate glucose metabolism, and naturopathic approaches, including hydrotherapy and detoxification, contribute to glycemic stability. Additionally, dietary interventions such as the Mediterranean and low-glycemic diets have shown significant potential in reducing HbA1c levels and improving lipid profiles. Despite promising outcomes, challenges such as standardization, regulatory oversight, and patient adherence remain barriers to widespread integration into mainstream diabetes care. Future research should focus on large-scale clinical trials, mechanistic studies, and integrative treatment models to validate and optimize the role of CAM in diabetes management. A multidisciplinary approach combining evidence-based conventional treatments with scientifically validated CAM therapies may offer a more comprehensive and sustainable diabetes care strategy.

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Naturopathy, Herbal Medicine, Yoga, Integrative Medicine

Corresponding Author How to Cite this Article To Browse
Ruchita T Upadhyay, Naturopathy and Yogic Science Expert, Ashwamedha Health and Wellness Institute, Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India.
Email: 		Upadhyay RT, Upadhyay AK, Integrative approaches to Diabetes Management: Evaluating the Impact of Naturopathy, Diet, Yoga, and Herbal Therapy Compared to Conventional Treatments. J Ayu Int Med Sci. 2025;10(3):184-193.
Available From
https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/4106/

Manuscript Received Review Round 1 Review Round 2 Review Round 3 Accepted
2025-02-13 2025-02-27 2025-03-07 2025-03-17 2025-03-27
Conflict of Interest Funding Ethical Approval Plagiarism X-checker Note
None Nil Not required 11.63

© 2025 by Upadhyay RT, Upadhyay AK and Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ unported [CC BY 4.0].

J Ayu Int Med Sci 2025;10(3)184
Download PDFBack To ArticleIntroductionMethodologyDiscussionConclusionReferences
Ruchita TU et al. Integrative approaches to Diabetes Management

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus is a growing global health concern, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Conventional medical treatments aim to regulate blood glucose levels and prevent complications, but long-term reliance on medications can lead to side effects and reduced efficacy over time. Alternative therapies such as naturopathy, diet-based interventions, yoga, and herbal remedies offer potential adjunctive or alternative treatments for diabetes management. This paper reviews the scientific literature on these alternative approaches and compares their effectiveness with conventional treatments. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.[1] The prevalence of diabetes has increased significantly worldwide, with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) being the most common form, often associated with obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and poor dietary habits.[2] Conventional treatments for diabetes include pharmacotherapy, insulin therapy, and lifestyle modifications; however, these approaches often come with limitations such as side effects, cost, and patient non-compliance.[3] Alternative and complementary therapies, including naturopathy, yoga, and dietary interventions, have gained attention for their potential to improve glycemic control and overall well-being in diabetic patients.[4] Studies suggest that Yoga and Pranayama (regulated breathing techniques) significantly impact lipid metabolism, reducing oxidative stress and improving insulin sensitivity in diabetic individuals.[5][6] Meta-analyses indicate that yoga interventions lead to reductions in fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, demonstrating their effectiveness as adjunctive therapies for diabetes management.[7]

Naturopathy emphasizes a holistic approach by incorporating dietary modifications, naturopathy, and herbal medicine, which have shown promising results in diabetes management.[8] Research highlights the potential benefits of plant-based diets and phytochemicals in improving insulin sensitivity and preventing diabetes-related complications.[9] A growing body of evidence supports that whole-food, plant-based nutrition improves metabolic markers such as blood glucose, cholesterol levels, and inflammatory responses in diabetic patients.[10][11]

Several clinical studies have reported significant improvements in glycemic control among patients who adopted a naturopathic approach combined with conventional therapies.[12] Furthermore, emerging research suggests that stem cell therapy, when integrated with naturopathy, offer long-term solutions for diabetes management and beta-cell regeneration.[13] Plant-based diets, naturopathy, yoga, and complementary medicine have shown potential in managing type 2 diabetes by improving glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and overall metabolic health. Research highlights the benefits of plant-derived phytochemicals, dietary modifications, and holistic interventions such as Pranayama and Yogasana in reducing diabetes-related complications. Studies on naturopathic treatments demonstrate significant improvements in HbA1c levels, weight management, and quality of life, with long-term benefits observed in some cases. Integrative approaches combining yoga and naturopathy have been particularly effective in enhancing metabolic outcomes. A randomized trial further supports role of naturopathic interventions in diabetes management, emphasizing their positive impact on health & well-being.[14–21]

The use of natural products, including herbal medicine and bioactive compounds from plants, has been widely explored for their antidiabetic properties, showing potential in reducing insulin resistance and improving pancreatic function. In light of these findings, the integration of alternative therapies with conventional diabetes management strategies could provide a more comprehensive approach to controlling the disease. This review aims to explore the effectiveness of naturopathy, yoga, and plant-based dietary interventions in diabetes management while highlighting recent advancements in these fields. The review will also address the role of natural phytochemicals and future therapeutic interventions, including regenerative medicine and holistic lifestyle modifications.

Methodology

Study Design

This review follows a systematic and comparative approach, analyzing peer-reviewed literature, clinical trials, meta-analyses, and mechanistic studies on the role of naturopathy, diet, yoga, and herbal therapy in diabetes management.


J Ayu Int Med Sci 2025;10(3)185
Ruchita TU et al. Integrative approaches to Diabetes Management

Data Sources and Selection Criteria

Databases searched: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library.

Ethical Considerations

Since this is a review-based study, no direct human or animal subjects were involved.

All data were obtained from publicly available scientific literature, ensuring ethical compliance with academic integrity standards.

Naturopathy and Diabetes Management

Naturopathy emphasizes a holistic approach, utilizing lifestyle changes, five element therapy,

and detoxification methods to regulate blood sugar levels. Studies have shown that naturopathic interventions improve glycemic control, reduce oxidative stress, and enhance overall well-being in diabetic patients. A prospective cohort study indicated that patients undergoing naturopathy and yoga therapy showed significant reductions in HbA1c levels and insulin dependence compared to those on conventional medication alone. Integrating Five Elements Therapy into diabetes management offers a holistic approach that aligns with the body's physical, biochemical parameters and natural balance [22]. Below is a detailed table outlining each element's role, corresponding naturopathic applications, scientific insights, and relevant references [Table - 1]:

ElementPhysiological FunctionRole in Diabetes ManagementNaturopathic ApplicationsDuration of ApplicationDemographic Considerations
Earth (Prithvi)Stability, structural integrity, musculoskeletal supportSupports pancreatic function, improves digestionMud Therapy: Mineral-rich mud packs on the abdomen to stimulate pancreatic function.Mud therapy: 20-30 minutes, 3-5 times per weekIdeal for diabetics with neuropathy & digestive issues. Avoid mud therapy in cold weather for individuals with circulation problems.
Water (Jala)Detoxification, circulation, joint lubricationEnhances hydration, supports kidney function, aids in glucose metabolite detoxificationHydrotherapy: Warm baths, cold compresses to boost circulation & metabolism.Hydrotherapy: 15-30 minutes daily.Beneficial for diabetics with circulatory issues & fluid retention.
Fire (Agni)Metabolism, thermoregulation, enzymatic activityGoverns digestion, enhances enzymatic activity, and improves glucose metabolismSun Therapy (Heliotherapy): Sun exposure increases vitamin D levels, boosting insulin sensitivitySun therapy: 15-20 minutes of morning sun exposure daily.Recommended for obese diabetics & those with vitamin D deficiency. Avoid excessive sun exposure for those with photosensitivity or heat intolerance.
Air (Vayu)Oxygenation, neural function, movementEnhances oxygen supply, improves nerve function, and prevents diabetic neuropathyBreathing Techniques (Pranayama): Enhances oxygenation & reduces stress-induced insulin resistance.Pranayama: 10-15 minutes daily.Ideal for working professionals, elderly diabetics & those with neuropathy. Intense breathing techniques should be avoided by hypertensive individuals.
Space (Akasha)Cellular communication, energy flow, homeostasisRegulates intercellular signaling, reduces stress-related insulin resistanceMeditation & Sound Therapy: Lowers stress hormones (cortisol) linked to insulin resistance. Fasting Therapy: Intermittent fasting for blood sugar stabilizationMeditation: 15-30 minutes daily. Fasting therapy: Once a week or intermittent fasting.Ideal for stress-induced diabetes & metabolic syndrome.
Fasting is not advised for insulin-dependent diabetics.

Dietary Interventions

Diet plays a crucial role in diabetes management. Plant-based diets, low-glycemic-index foods, and carbohydrate-controlled meal plans have been effective in maintaining stable blood glucose levels. Research indicates that Mediterranean and vegan diets can significantly reduce HbA1c levels and improve insulin sensitivity. Comparatively, conventional treatment focuses on dietary guidelines but often incorporates pharmacological support to achieve glycemic control.[23]

Here is a comprehensive table outlining specific diets for diabetes management, including their therapeutic effects, recommended duration, contraindications, and scientific insights [Table – 2]:


J Ayu Int Med Sci 2025;10(3)186
Ruchita TU et al. Integrative approaches to Diabetes Management
Diet TypeTherapeutic EffectsRecommended DurationContraindicationsScientific Insights & References
Mediterranean Diet (Rich in healthy fats, whole grains, lean protein, nuts, and vegetables)Reduces HbA1c levels Improves insulin sensitivity Lowers cardiovascular riskLong-term lifestyle adoptionNot ideal for those with nut or seafood allergies May require modification for kidney patients due to protein intakeStudies shown to decrease HbA1c levels (Nutrients, 2020)[24]
Vegan Diet (Plant-based, avoiding all animal products, rich in fiber and antioxidants)Enhances glycemic control Reduces oxidative stress Lowers cholesterol levelsLong-term lifestyle adaptationRisk of B12 deficiency May not suit individuals needing high protein intakeResearch indicates fasting blood glucose reduction by 20% and HbA1c drop by 0.4-0.8% (Nutrients, 2023)[25]
Low-Carbohydrate Diet (Restricts refined carbs, focusing on proteins, fats, and non-starchy vegetables)Lowers postprandial glucose spikes Aids in weight management Improves metabolic syndromeShort-term (3-6 months) or cyclicalNot recommended for type 1 diabetics Can cause ketoacidosis in extreme casesA meta-analysis found that low-carb diets reduce HbA1c by 0.5-1.3% (Metabolites, 2023) [26]
Ketogenic Diet (High fat, very low carb, moderate protein)Drastically lowers blood sugar levels Enhances fat metabolism May reduce insulin dependencyShort-term (up to 6 months)Risk of ketoacidosis in insulin-dependent diabetics Can cause electrolyte imbalanceStudies show that HbA1c reductions of 1-1.5% are common, but long-term safety is debated (Explor Foods Foodomics, 2024)[27]
Paleo Diet (Focuses on lean meats, fish, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds, avoiding processed foods)Reduces inflammation Improves insulin resistance Lowers triglyceride levelsShort to medium term (3-6 months)May cause calcium deficiency Not ideal for people with kidney diseaseFound to lower HbA1c by 0.5-1.0%, though long-term sustainability is debated (J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009)[28]

Foot Notes: Mediterranean & Vegan Diets: Ideal for long-term diabetes management with strong evidence supporting reduced HbA1c and better insulin function. Low-Carb & Keto Diets: Effective for rapid glycemic control but should be monitored for potential risks. DASH: Beneficial for metabolic improvements, especially in prediabetes and insulin resistance. Paleo Diet: Shows promising effects on glucose metabolism, but requires modifications for nutrient balance.

Yoga and Diabetes Control

Yoga, an ancient practice involving physical postures,

breathing exercises, and meditation, has been widely studied for its impact on diabetes. Yoga practices enhance pancreatic function, improve insulin sensitivity, and lower stress-induced hyperglycemia.

Meta-analyses suggest that patients practicing yoga show marked improvements in fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels, comparable to those on standard diabetic medications.[29]

A comprehensive table on Yoga and Diabetes Control, detailing specific yoga practices, their therapeutic effects, recommended duration, contraindications, and scientific insights [Table – 3]:

Yoga PracticeTherapeutic EffectsRecommended DurationContraindicationsScientific Insights & References
Asanas (Physical Postures)Stimulates the pancreas, improving insulin secretion Enhances glucose metabolism and peripheral insulin sensitivity Reduces obesity-related insulin resistance30-45 minutes dailyAvoid intense postures in diabetic neuropathy or hypertensionA meta-analysis found that yoga reduces fasting glucose by 20-30 mg/dL and HbA1c by 0.5-1.0% (Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2018)[29]
Pranayama (Breathing Exercises)Reduces stress-induced hyperglycemia Enhances oxygenation and detoxification Lowers cortisol and improves autonomic nervous system function10-20 minutes dailyNot advised for individuals with severe respiratory issuesStudies show significant reductions in fasting glucose and cortisol levels, improving insulin regulation (Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2022)[30]
Surya Namaskar (Sun Salutation)Improves metabolism and weight control Boosts circulation and insulin function Enhances cardiovascular health5-10 rounds dailyAvoid in hypertension, joint pain, or cardiovascular conditionsResearch indicates that regular practice lowers HbA1c by 0.7-1.2% in Type 2 diabetics (J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2022)[31]
Meditation and MindfulnessEnhances emotional stability and reduces anxiety Lowers blood pressure and heart rate variability Supports long-term diabetes management10-15 minutes dailyNot recommended for those with severe mental health conditions without supervisionMindfulness-based interventions improve HbA1c levels and stress-induced glucose spikes (Diabetes Spectr. 2009)[32]

J Ayu Int Med Sci 2025;10(3)187
Ruchita TU et al. Integrative approaches to Diabetes Management

Foot Notes: Asanas & Surya Namaskar: Improve pancreatic function, insulin sensitivity, and glucose metabolism. Pranayama & Shavasana: Reduce stress-related hyperglycemia and cortisol levels, crucial for diabetes management. Meditation & Mindfulness: Aid in long-term glycemic control by addressing emotional and psychological factors. Contraindications: Certain Yoga poses should be avoided by patients with cardiovascular issues, joint pain, or spinal conditions.

Herbal Therapy in Diabetes

Several medicinal plants, such as bitter melon (Momordica charantia),

fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), have demonstrated hypoglycemic effects. Clinical studies support the use of these herbs in lowering blood glucose levels, improving lipid profiles, and reducing inflammation. While herbal therapy provides a natural alternative, its efficacy varies depending on dosage and individual patient response. Conventional treatments, in contrast, offer standardized medication with well-documented efficacy but potential adverse effects. Here is a comprehensive table combining both sets of herbal therapies for diabetes management, along with their therapeutic effects, recommended dosages, contraindications, and scientific insights [Table – 4].

HerbTherapeutic EffectsRecommended DosageContraindicationsScientific Insights & References
Jamun Giri (Syzygium cumini)Lowers blood glucose levels Enhances insulin sensitivity Rich in antioxidants1-3 grams of seed powder dailyCaution during pregnancy and breastfeeding May cause allergic reactions in some individualsStudies show significant reduction in fasting blood glucose levels. (Molecules, 2022)[33]
Karela (Momordica charantia)Reduces blood glucose levels Enhances insulin secretion Improves glucose uptake50-100 ml fresh juice or 900 mg fruit extract dailyAvoid during pregnancy May cause gastrointestinal discomfortRegular use has been linked to significant improvements in fasting glucose levels. (Food Science and Biotechnology, 2022)[34]
Gudmar (Gymnema sylvestre)Stimulates insulin secretion Regenerates pancreatic beta cells Reduces intestinal glucose absorption400 mg leaf extract dailyNot recommended during pregnancy or lactation May enhance the effects of other glucose-lowering medicationsClinical trials report significant reductions in fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels. (J Endocrinol, 1999)[35]
Neem (Azadirachta indica)Helps regulate blood sugar Improves insulin sensitivity Possesses anti-inflammatory properties2-5 ml neem oil or 1-2 grams of leaf powder dailyNot recommended for pregnant women Risk of liver toxicity in some individualsResearch indicates reductions in blood glucose levels and improvements in insulin sensitivity.[36]
Kutki (Picrorhiza kurroa)Lowers blood glucose levels Improves liver function Rich in antioxidants400-600 mg root extract dailyAvoid during pregnancy and lactation May cause gastrointestinal discomfortStudies have shown reductions in blood glucose levels and improved liver enzyme activity.[37]
Daru Haldi (Berberis aristata)Lowers fasting blood glucose and HbA1c Improves lipid profile500 mg, 2-3 times dailyMay cause gastrointestinal discomfort Potential interactions with medicationsStudies suggest effects comparable to metformin in glycemic control.[38]
Indrayan (Citrullus colocynthis)Lowers blood glucose levels Improves lipid profile Has anti-inflammatory properties300 mg fruit powder dailyAvoid during pregnancy and lactation Risk of toxicity at high dosesResearch indicates improvements in blood sugar and lipid levels.[39]
Methi - Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)Improves insulin sensitivity Lowers postprandial glucose levels Reduces cholesterol levels5-10 grams of powdered seeds daily, divided into two dosesMay cause gastrointestinal symptoms Not recommended during pregnancyMeta-analysis shows a reduction in HbA1c by approximately 0.85%.[40]
Dalchini - Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum)Enhances insulin receptor function Lowers fasting blood glucose Reduces triglycerides and LDL cholesterol1-6 grams of cinnamon powder dailyMay cause liver issues in high doses Not recommended for individuals with liver diseaseSome studies report a decrease in HbA1c by up to 0.5%, though results are mixed.[41]
Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis miller)Lowers fasting blood glucose Improves HbA1c levels Enhances insulin sensitivity1 tablespoon of aloe vera gel dailyMay cause gastrointestinal discomfort Not recommended during pregnancyResearch indicates a reduction in HbA1c by approximately 0.99%.[42]

J Ayu Int Med Sci 2025;10(3)188
Ruchita TU et al. Integrative approaches to Diabetes Management
Isabgol – Psyllium (Plantago ovata)Lowers postprandial glucose levels Improves insulin sensitivity Aids in weight management10-15 grams of husk daily, taken with waterMay cause gastrointestinal bloating or gas Ensure adequate water intake to prevent chokingMeta-analysis indicates a reduction in HbA1c by approximately 0.97%.[43]
Nigella (Nigella sativa)Enhances insulin production Reduces fasting blood glucose1-3 grams of seed powder dailyMay cause allergic reactions in some individuals Not recommended during pregnancyStudies show a reduction in HbA1c by approximately 0.5%.[44]
Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia)Enhances insulin secretion Improves immune function Lowers blood glucose levels300-600 mg extract dailyAvoid in autoimmune disorders Not recommended during pregnancyResearch suggests Guduchi helps regulate blood sugar levels and reduces oxidative stress.[45]
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)Reduces stress and cortisol levels Enhances insulin sensitivity Lowers fasting blood glucose levels300–600 mg root extract dailyAvoid during pregnancy May lower blood pressure excessively in individuals on antihypertensive medicationsClinical studies indicate improved insulin sensitivity and reduced fasting blood glucose. (J Pharmacy Research, 2021)[46]
Shilajit (Asphaltum punjabianum)Enhances mitochondrial function and energy levels Improves glucose metabolism Reduces oxidative stress300–500 mg purified Shilajit extract dailyAvoid during pregnancy and lactation May interact with diabetes medicationsStudies suggest improved glucose metabolism and reduction in fasting blood glucose levels. (J Pharmacy Research, 2021)[46]

Foot Notes: Efficacy: Herbs like Bitter Melon, Gudmar, Daru Haldi, Aloe Vera, and Fenugreek have demonstrated significant reductions in blood glucose and HbA1c levels, making them effective for diabetes management. Dosage & Administration: Adhering to the recommended dosage is crucial to maximize benefits and minimize potential side effects. Contraindications: Individuals who are pregnant, lactating, or on multiple medications should consult healthcare providers before using these herbs to avoid adverse effects. Scientific Validation: While many herbs show promising effects, their efficacy may vary based on individual responses. More extensive clinical trials are needed to establish standardized guidelines.

Comparison with Conventional Treatment

Conventional diabetes management includes pharmacotherapy, lifestyle modifications, and patient education. While medications effectively lower blood glucose levels, they may cause side effects such as weight gain, hypoglycemia, and cardiovascular risks. In contrast, naturopathy, diet, yoga, and herbal therapy focus on root causes, offering sustainable and non-invasive management strategies. However, these alternative therapies often require lifestyle commitment and may lack standardized dosage and regulation.[47]

Discussion

Current Status of Alternative Diabetes Management

Diabetes requires long-term management, & while conventional treatments like pharmacotherapy & lifestyle modifications help control blood glucose,

they often come with side effects such as weight gain and cardiovascular risks. Alternative therapies—including naturopathy, dietary interventions, yoga, and herbal therapy—offer promising solutions by improving insulin sensitivity, pancreatic function, and overall metabolic health. Research supports the benefits of these approaches: Yoga enhances fasting plasma glucose levels, HbA1c, and insulin sensitivity. Herbal therapies such as bitter melon, fenugreek, and Jamun Giri show potential in blood sugar regulation, though standardized dosages and long-term effects remain uncertain. Dietary interventions like the Mediterranean and low-carbohydrate diets significantly reduce HbA1c and improve lipid profiles, but adherence varies among patients. Despite these advantages, integration into mainstream diabetes management is limited due to a lack of large-scale clinical trials, standardized protocols, and regulatory concerns. Several barriers hinder the widespread adoption of alternative diabetes treatments. Unlike conventional drugs, alternative therapies lack standardized dosages and protocols, leading to variations in potency due to differences in plant species, extraction methods, and preparation techniques. Many studies are small-scale or observational rather than randomized controlled trials (RCTs), making it difficult to validate efficacy and long-term safety.

Future Directions in Diabetes Management

To enhance the role of alternative therapies in diabetes care, future research should focus on:

  • Conducting Large-Scale Clinical Trials: Well-structured RCTs are needed to evaluate the long-term safety and effectiveness of alternative therapies, comparing them directly with conventional treatments.

J Ayu Int Med Sci 2025;10(3)189
Ruchita TU et al. Integrative approaches to Diabetes Management

  • Developing Standardized Protocols and Dosages: Establishing clear guidelines for herbal therapy, yoga, and naturopathy can improve their acceptance in mainstream medicine.
  • Integrating Alternative Therapies into Conventional Care: A holistic, patient-centered model combining pharmacotherapy with yoga and diet-based interventions may yield better outcomes than medication alone.
  • Understanding Mechanistic Pathways: More studies are required to explore how herbal compounds, dietary changes, and yoga influence insulin signaling, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Biochemical and genetic research can also help identify patient subgroups who respond best to these therapies.

Conclusion

Although alternative diabetes therapies show promise, their full potential remains untapped due to a lack of large-scale research, standardization, and integration with conventional care. Moving forward, multidisciplinary collaborations between medical researchers, nutritionists, and practitioners of traditional medicine will be crucial in establishing a holistic, evidence-based diabetes management model that prioritizes both efficacy and safety. With ongoing research and clinical validation, naturopathy, diet, yoga, and herbal therapy could redefine diabetes care, offering sustainable, non-invasive solutions alongside modern pharmacotherapy.

References

1. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2009 Jan;32(Suppl 1):S62-S67. doi: 10.2337/dc09-S062. PMID: 19118289; PMCID: PMC2613584 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

2. Khan MAB, Hashim MJ, King JK, Govender RD, Mustafa H, Al Kaabi J. Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes – Global burden of disease and forecasted trends. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2020 Mar;10(1):107-111. doi: 10.2991/jegh.k.191028.001. PMID: 32175717; PMCID: PMC7310804 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

3. García-Pérez LE, Alvarez M, Dilla T, Gil-Guillén V, Orozco-Beltrán D. Adherence to therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Ther. 2013 Dec;4(2):175-194. doi: 10.1007/s13300-013-0034-y. PMID: 23990497; PMCID: PMC3889324 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

4. Tiwari S, Saoji AA, Madle K, Sapkota N, Shashikiran HC, Shetty P. Naturopathy and yoga for improving quality of life in pemphigus vulgaris and managing co-morbid type 2 diabetes: A case report. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2020;11(2):110-113. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.01.002 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

5. Venugopal V, Geethanjali S, Poonguzhali S, Padmavathi R, Mahadevan S, Silambanan S, Maheshkumar K. Effect of yoga on oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2022;18(2):e050421192663. doi: 10.2174/1573399817666210405104335 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

6. Naturopathic Approaches to Diabetes Management. Available at: https://aanmc. org/featured-articles/naturopathic-approaches-to-diabetes-management/. . [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

7. Pandey A, Tripathi P, Pandey R, Srivastava R, Goswami S. Alternative therapies useful in the management of diabetes: A systematic review. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2011;3(4):504-512. doi: 10.4103/0975-7406.90103 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

8. Ghongade S. A study on effect of naturopathy in diabetes control without medicine. J Drug Deliv Ther. 2019;9(5):158-160. doi: 10.22270/jddt.v9i5.3540 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

9. Schultz WM, Varghese T, Heinl RE, Dhindsa DS, Mahlof EN, Cai HC, Southmayd G, Sandesara PB, Eapen DJ, Sperling LS. Natural approaches in diabetes management: A review of diet, exercise, and natural products. Curr Pharm Des. 2018;24(1):84-98. doi: 10.2174/1381612822666161216114108 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]


J Ayu Int Med Sci 2025;10(3)190
Ruchita TU et al. Integrative approaches to Diabetes Management

10. Tippens KM, Erlandsen A, Hanes DA, Graybill R, Jackson C, Briley J, Zwickey H. Impact of a short-term naturopathic whole-foods-based nutrition education intervention on dietary behavior and diabetes risk markers: A pilot study. J Altern Complement Med. 2019;25(2):234-240. doi: 10.1089/acm.2018.0025 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

11. Bairy S, Kumar AM, Raju M, Achanta S, Naik B, Tripathy JP, Zachariah R. Is adjunctive naturopathy associated with improved glycaemic control and a reduction in need for medications among type 2 diabetes patients? A prospective cohort study from India. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016;16(1):290. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1264-0 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

12. Bradley R, Sherman KJ, Catz S, Calabrese C, Oberg EB, Jordan L, Grothaus L, Cherkin D. Adjunctive naturopathic care for type 2 diabetes: Patient-reported and clinical outcomes after one year. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012;12:44. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-44 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

13. Saha A, Samadder A, Nandi S. Stem cell therapy in combination with naturopathy: Current progressive management of diabetes and associated complications. Curr Top Med Chem. 2023;23(8):649-689. doi: 10.2174/1568026623666221201150933 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

14. Ansari P, Khan JT, Chowdhury S, Reberio AD, Kumar S, Seidel V, Abdel-Wahab YHA, Flatt PR. Plant-based diets and phytochemicals in the management of diabetes mellitus and prevention of its complications: A review. Nutrients. 2024;16(21):3709. doi: 10.3390/nu16213709 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

15. Oberg EB, Bradley RD, Allen J, McCrory MA. CAM: Naturopathic dietary interventions for patients with type 2 diabetes. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2011;17(3):157-161. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2011.02.007 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

16. Bairy S, Rao MR, Edla SR, Manthena SR, Tatavarti NVGD. Effect of an integrated naturopathy and yoga program on long-term glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A prospective cohort study. Int J Yoga. 2020;13(1):42-49. doi: 10.4103/ijoy.IJOY_32_19 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

17. Stier-Jarmer M, Frisch D, Neuy S, Schuh A. A 3-week naturopathic intervention improves HbA1c, weight, and quality of life among overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes: 6-month results from a randomized trial. Altern Ther Health Med. 2021;27(S1):61-71. [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

18. Bradley R, Oberg EB. Naturopathic medicine and type 2 diabetes: A retrospective analysis from an academic clinic. Altern Med Rev. 2006;11(1):30-39. [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

19. Oberg EB, Bradley RD, Allen J, McCrory MA. CAM: Naturopathic dietary interventions for patients with type 2 diabetes. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2011;17(3):157-161. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2011.02.007 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

20. Upadhyay A, Balkrishna A, Upadhyay R. Effect of pranayama (voluntary regulated yoga breathing) and yogasana (yoga postures) in diabetes mellitus: A scientific review. J Complement Integr Med. 2008;5. doi: 10.2202/1553-3840.1114 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

21. Acharya B, Upadhyay A, Upadhyay RT, Kumar A. Effect of pranayama (voluntary regulated breathing) and yogasana (yoga postures) on lipid profile in normal healthy junior footballers. Int J Yoga. 2010;3(2):70. doi: 10.4103/0973-6131.72633 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

22. Chawla R, Nair R, Sood VR, Mukherjee S, Arora A. Role of naturopathy on physical and biochemical parameters in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Indian J Tradit Knowl. 2019;18(3):430-438. [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

23. Reynolds A, Mitri J. Dietary advice for individuals with diabetes. [Updated 2024 Apr 28]. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, et al. , editors. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-. Available from: [Article][Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

24. Martín-Peláez S, Fito M, Castaner O. Mediterranean diet effects on type 2 diabetes prevention, disease progression, and related mechanisms: A review. Nutrients. 2020 Jul 27;12(8):2236. doi: 10.3390/nu12082236. PMID: 32726990; PMCID: PMC7468821 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]


J Ayu Int Med Sci 2025;10(3)191
Ruchita TU et al. Integrative approaches to Diabetes Management

25. Łuszczki E, Boakye F, Zielińska M, Dereń K, Bartosiewicz A, Oleksy Ł, Stolarczyk A. Vegan diet: Nutritional components, implementation, and effects on adults' health. Front Nutr. 2023 Nov 9;10:1294497. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1294497. Erratum in: Front Nutr. 2024 Jan 5;10:1354336. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1354336. PMID: 38024367; PMCID: PMC10665534 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

26. Pavlidou E, Papadopoulou SK, Fasoulas A, Mantzorou M, Giaginis C. Clinical evidence of low-carbohydrate diets against obesity and diabetes mellitus. Metabolites. 2023;13(2):240. doi: 10.3390/metabo13020240 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

27. Pellegrini P, Lemasson P, Rastrelli L, D’Elia M. Effectiveness of ketogenic therapy in patients with obesity and diabetes: A narrative review. Explor Foods Foodomics. 2024;2:313-325. doi: 10.37349/eff.2024.00039 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

28. Klonoff DC. The beneficial effects of a Paleolithic diet on type 2 diabetes and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009 Nov 1;3(6):1229-1232. doi: 10.1177/193229680900300601. PMID: 20144375; PMCID: PMC2787021 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

29. Raveendran AV, Deshpandae A, Joshi SR. Therapeutic role of yoga in type 2 diabetes. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2018 Sep;33(3):307-317. doi: 10.3803/EnM.2018.33.3.307. PMID: 30112866; PMCID: PMC6145966 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

30. Mangala Gowri M, Rajendran J, Srinivasan AR, Bhavanani AB, Meena R. Impact of an integrated yoga therapy protocol on insulin resistance and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2022 Jan 27;13(1):e0005. doi: 10.5041/RMMJ.10462. PMID: 35089124; PMCID: PMC8798588 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

31. Prasanna Venkatesh L, Vandhana S. Insights on Surya Namaskar from its origin to application towards health. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2022 Apr-Jun;13(2):100530. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.10.002. PMID: 34974957; PMCID: PMC8814407 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

32. Whitebird RR, Kreitzer MJ, O'Connor PJ. Mindfulness-based stress reduction and diabetes. Diabetes Spectr. 2009 Sep 21;22(4):226-230. doi: 10.2337/diaspect.22.4.226. PMID: 20657669; PMCID: PMC2909138 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

33. Rizvi MK, Rabail R, Munir S, Inam-Ur-Raheem M, Qayyum MMN, Kieliszek M, Hassoun A, Aadil RM. Astounding health benefits of Jamun (Syzygium cumini) toward metabolic syndrome. Molecules. 2022 Oct 24;27(21):7184. doi: 10.3390/molecules27217184. PMID: 36364010; PMCID: PMC9654918 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

34. Kim B, Lee HS, Kim HJ, Lee H, Lee IY, Ock S, Kwon S, Kang SS, Choi Y. Momordica charantia (bitter melon) efficacy and safety on glucose metabolism in Korean prediabetes participants: A 12-week, randomized clinical study. Food Sci Biotechnol. 2022 Dec 14;32(5):697-704. doi: 10.1007/s10068-022-01214-9. PMID: 37009042; PMCID: PMC10050654 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

35. Persaud SJ, Al-Majed H, Raman A, Jones PM. Gymnema sylvestre stimulates insulin release in vitro by increased membrane permeability. J Endocrinol. 1999 Nov;163(2):207-212. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.1630207. PMID: 10556769 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

36. Yarmohammadi F, Mehri S, Najafi N, Salar Amoli S, Hosseinzadeh H. The protective effect of Azadirachta indica (neem) against metabolic syndrome: A review. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2021 Mar;24(3):280-292. doi: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.48965.11218. PMID: 33995939; PMCID: PMC8087850 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

37. Raut A, Dhami-Shah H, Phadke A, Shindikar A, Udipi S, Joshi J, Vaidya R, Vaidya ADB. Picrorhiza kurroa, Royle ex Benth: Traditional uses, phytopharmacology, and translational potential in therapy of fatty liver disease. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2023 Jan-Feb;14(1):100558. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100558. PMID: 35659739; PMCID: PMC10105242 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]


J Ayu Int Med Sci 2025;10(3)192
Ruchita TU et al. Integrative approaches to Diabetes Management

38. Pirillo A, Catapano AL. Berberine, a plant alkaloid with lipid- and glucose-lowering properties: From in vitro evidence to clinical studies. Atherosclerosis. 2015 Dec;243(2):449-461. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.09.032. PMID: 26520899 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

39. Barghamdi B, Ghorat F, Asadollahi K, Sayehmiri K, Peyghambari R, Abangah G. Therapeutic effects of Citrullus colocynthis fruit in patients with type II diabetes: A clinical trial study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2016 Apr-Jun;8(2):130-134. doi: 10.4103/0975-7406.171702. PMID: 27134465; PMCID: PMC4832903 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

40. Haxhiraj M, White K, Terry C. The role of Fenugreek in the management of type 2 diabetes. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jun 26;25(13):6987. doi: 10.3390/ijms25136987. PMID: 39000103; PMCID: PMC11240913 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

41. Khan A, Safdar M, Ali Khan MM, Khattak KN, Anderson RA. Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003 Dec;26(12):3215-3218. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.12.3215. PMID: 14633804 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

42. Dick WR, Fletcher EA, Shah SA. Reduction of fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c using oral aloe vera: A meta-analysis. J Altern Complement Med. 2016 Jun;22(6):450-457. doi: 10.1089/acm.2015.0122. PMID: 27152917 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

43. Abutair AS, Naser IA, Hamed AT. Soluble fibers from psyllium improve glycemic response and body weight among diabetes type 2 patients (randomized control trial). Nutr J. 2016 Oct 12;15(1):86. doi: 10.1186/s12937-016-0207-4. PMID: 27733151; PMCID: PMC5062871 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

44. Mashayekhi-Sardoo H, Sepahi S, Rahimi VB, Askari VR. Application of Nigella sativa as a functional food in diabetes and related complications: Insights on molecular, cellular, and metabolic effects. J Funct Foods. 2024;122:106518. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2024.106518 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

45. Upadhyay AK, Kumar K, Kumar A, Mishra HS. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd. ) Hook. f. and Thoms. (Guduchi)—Validation of the Ayurvedic pharmacology through experimental and clinical studies. Int J Ayurveda Res. 2010 Apr;1(2):112-121. doi: 10.4103/0974-7788.64405. PMID: 20814526; PMCID: PMC2924974 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

46. Upadhyay AK, Kaushal K, Mishra H. Effects of combination of Shilajit extract and Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) on fasting blood sugar and lipid profile. J Pharm Res. 2009;2(5):897-899. [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

47. McBenedict B, Orfao AL, Goh KS, Yau RCC, Alphonse B, Machado Lima J, Ahmed HA, Ienaco GP, Cristina de Souza E, Lima Pessôa B, Hauwanga WN, Valentim G, de Souza Chagas M, Abrahão A. The role of alternative medicine in managing type 2 diabetes: A comprehensive review. Cureus. 2024 Jun 8;16(6):e61965. doi: 10.7759/cureus.61965. PMID: 38978922; PMCID: PMC11229830 [Crossref][PubMed][Google Scholar]

Disclaimer / Publisher's Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of Journals and/or the editor(s). Journals and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.


J Ayu Int Med Sci 2025;10(3)193