Introduction

Ayurveda gives prime importance to Agni as it is inherent factor behind every change that occur in our body^[1,2] When Agni is balanced, it ensures proper digestion, absorption, and assimilation of nutrients, which is crucial for maintaining overall health. Agni Dushti is key factor for formation of Ama. ‘Ama’ is considered to be a potent factor that has the capacity to disturb the metabolism and cause wide range of diseases from Jwara to Unmada, “Sarve Roga Api Mandagni”.^[3] Ayurvedic physicians always focuses on restoring normal status of Agni. The first line of treatment for these diseases is Deepana Pachana Chikitsa.^[4] Deepana and Pachana have to be administered in both Shamana or Shodhana modalities of treatment. There are many herbs which are preliminary choice for most of a metabolic condition; termed as Deepaniya (Stomachic) and Pachaniya (Digestants) herbs. It is noteworthy to mention that these herbal extracts possess a vast number of ‘phytochemical constituents’ whose bioactivities were assigned to such active principal ingredients (APIs). These ingredients are known to modulate the normal flora, especially gut microbiota when these medicinal/herbal extracts are administered orally. Most of these herbs have Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Anti-hypertensive, Hypolipidemic, Hypoglycemic, Antimicrobial, Antidiabetic, Anti-mutagenic activities.^[5,6] The gut microbiota is a complex microbial community that interacts with one another and with the host organism, influencing many aspects of human health. Most ingested compounds, whether taken for dietary, therapeutic benefits, or other purposes, influence the microbiota, and conversely the microbiota also can metabolize many orally ingested substances. The healthy microbiota comprises four main groups of bacteria, which include Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria^[7] Gut microbes play key role of human health, immunity, metabolic^[8] and neuro behavarial traits.^[9] The gut microbiota encodes untold biotransformation potential of phytochemicals, exemplified by microbiota-dependent bioconversion of polyphenolic compounds that serve to increase their absorption and bioactivity, including anti-inflammatory compounds.^[10] Lower diversity has been observed in people with inflammatory bowel syndrome,^[11] psoriatic artitis.^[12]

Table 2: Pharmacological effect of Piper nigrum Linn.

Deepana is the Karma or Dravya which increases the Agni but is incapable of digesting Ama.^[16] Pacana is the Dravya or Karma which digests Ama without increasing Agni. As per the commentary of Sharangdhara Samhita, Pachana is the Rookshana Karma happening on the Sama Dosha, Dhatu and Mala.^[16] Acharya Vagbhata suggest as Poorvakarma in those who are moderately obese, of moderate strength, and with moderate vitiation of Pitta and Kapha having the Ama Dosha conditions, medicines which are Pachana and Deepana should be employed in advance before Shodhana Chikitsa.^[17] In Leena Dosha, Pachana brings about the Paaka of Leena Dosha in Dhatu and Deepana separates this Pakwa Dosha from Dhatu to get eliminated by Shodhana procedures.^[18]

Discussion

The review of articles shows the enhanced growth of beneficial microbes like lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, Coliform Rumino coccaceae , Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (5,).

Conclusion

Currently, the composition, diversity, and ecological stability of the gut microbiota are of crucial importance in delaying and ameliorating the occurrence and progressive development of many diseases Review of various research articles published on different herbs have shown the mitigation of the progression of many diseases by regulating the gut microbiota and showed favourable modulation of gut microbiota. Most of drugs have shown prebiotic potential gaining improvement in a positive gut bacterial alterations can be used to prevent obesity, Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases, maximizing our Health and Immunity.

References